I Am Not Esther Essay

In the text ‘I am not Esther’ written by Fleur Beale a character I liked was Kirby Greenland. I liked Kirby because she taught me about the themes of loyalty, deception and a sense of your own identity. I liked Kirby because she had experiences a lot of changes in her life. The most significant change was finding her own identity as she grew and developed as a teenager. She was always determined to find her mother even when it felt like there was a brick wall at the end of the road. I also liked Kirby because she stayed true to who she really is even when she was forced to be someone who she really isn’t and also Kirby is also caring and always there if someone needs her. I am not Esther is about a loving mother and daughter relationship torn apart as a mother had to leave her life behind and leave her life and moves to Africa, but later we discovers that really she is still in the country but in a mental hospital. Her daughter has been told to stay with relatives that he has never heard of but they are no ordinary family, as they are members from a strict, very religious cult. They have changed her name from Kirby to Esther and forced to follow the severe set of social standards by the elders have created. They cannot interact with the normal outside world as there is no television, no radio, no newspaper and no mirrors. She is forced to wear long, modest clothing. She has no idea where her mother is and is beginning to question her own identity.

Universal Moral Wrongs and Relativism

Universal Moral Wrongs and Relativism Lori-Ann Racki SOC120- Intro to Ethics and Social Responsibility Dr. Megan Reid November 12, 2012 Universal Moral Wrongs and Relativism In the article â€Å"Some Moral Minima†, Lenn Goodman argues that there are certain moral wrongs that are universal. He describes four areas he believes are areas of universal moral wrongs in detail. Morality has been an issue that many societies all over the world have been trying to understand and contend with for a very long time.In this paper I will explain how I agree with Goodman on the belief that certain things are and should be considered simply wrong universally. I will also explore the challenges Goodman presents to relativism by using specific examples of these challenges. I will discuss how I think there should be such universal moral requirements and defend these answers. I will then be concluding that although I agree with Goodman’s argument, the theory of relativism makes one reconsi der the logical reasoning of moral minima and if it is possible to have universal moral wrongs accepted by all societies and cultures.In Goodman’s argument he confirms four universal and fundamental things that are considered not acceptable and wrong in society- moral minima. The first is genocide which also includes politically induced famine and germ warfare. The second is terrorism which also includes kidnapping and child labor force including using them as child warriors. The third category is polygamy which can encompass slavery and incest. The final category he covers is rape and female genital mutilation (Goodman, 2010, p. 8). I would without a doubt agree and share these same sentiments as Goodman describes. I would say that most of what Goodman has outlined in his arguments would be considered by most civilized societies as acts that deny human beings their rights to live a comfortable life and these acts would be considered wrong and immoral to these societies. Ther efore, I would say that Goodman was right and accurate to create this list of moral wrongs that can and do affect many societies.Of course, Goodman’s statements have and will be questioned with critical thought by those who attempt to challenge the facts he has presented. We do live in a world where everything is subject to different types of interpretation, or relativism which as described by Mosser is â€Å"relativism is the idea that one’s beliefs and values are understood in terms of one’s society, culture, or even one’s own individual values† (2010, chap. 1. 8).Therefore, some of Goodman’s beliefs contradict some of the current cultural customs and traditions that have been considered acceptable in some societies. For instance, terrorism, to the ones that are involved with this act it is not wrong because they are doing it in some cases to win a kind of moral pass by risking self-immolation; they are willing to ask of themselves what th ey take from others. These terrorists think that they are getting offered glory and God’s garden for their act in order to erase their past and simplify their future (Goodman, 2010, p. 9). Another example would be to say that polygamy is universally wrong, would be very controversial because in many countries it is not only accepted but promoted within their culture. In the United States, polygamy is considered wrong and is illegal, but in a village such as Northern Ghana, the village chief has 11 wives and this is acceptable in his culture (Mosser, 2010, chap. 1. 8). In this example the perception of right and wrong is dependent on the person contending with it and the cultural beliefs they belief in.Another similar example would be Goodman’s statement that female genital mutilation is simply wrong is subject to different interpretations dependent upon cultures and customs in different societies. In some African societies this act is done to a young child to prepare h er for womanhood and is considered an act of virtue. This act is considered a rite of passage that has been deeply entrenched into some of these African customs and societies.Therefore, regarding this act as immoral is very controversial and is subject to a wide range of interpretation depending upon the culture and society trying to interpret it. When considering the examples within this paper, it is clear that there is not a simple answer to whether there should be universal moral requirements. For me, I do believe we should have some universal moral requirements as human beings, but when you study other cultures and societies it can be shocking to find out that what we consider to be wrong in general is practiced in some cultures as normal behavior.As described terrorism would be considered wrong and immoral to many people in the world because the human life is considered sacred, but for those who do this to fulfill what they consider their religious obligation, it is not wrong b ut expected. Polygamy would also be considered by many as a wrong thing to do because it demoralizes and dehumanizes woman, it makes woman objects of ownership and not an individual human being. Yet for those that live in societies such as the Muslim society and the Northern Ghana village, it is not just accepted as the right thing to do but it can also be encouraged by the society members.Female genital mutilation is another area that many civilized societies would consider wrong and immoral to do because it hampers all sexual satisfaction for the female, and could cause sickness or even death if not done properly. Yet for those born into these African and other societies, they consider this act a rite of passage as well as a way to prevent woman from being promiscuous and/or having extra marital affairs and therefore it is the right thing to do.In conclusion, although I do agree with Goodman that there are certain things that are simply wrong, it is almost impossible to believe th at there can be such universal moral requirements or moral minima. Logically I believe that there should be universal moral requirements throughout the world because of the cultural and society beliefs that I have gained throughout my life. Thinking objectively though, I think we need to accept the fact that no one man or woman can stipulate the rules of right and wrong for all cultures and societies throughout the world because of the accepted theory of relativism.If we were to give one human being the right to determine what is universally wrong, and what universal morals should be then we would be giving up all the rights of individual’s to live by their own cultural beliefs. It is human nature to question what is morally right or what is morally wrong, but no one person can really ever be one hundred percent perfect. Therefore, does it make sense for us to accept the ideas and beliefs of what is right or wrong given to us by one person? I don’t believe that we can agree to this either logically or morally.I believe that relativism is ultimately one of the main reasons why universal moral minima will not be able to be accepted by the world as a whole. References: Goodman, L. E. (2010). Some Moral Minima. Good Society Journal, 19(1), 87-94. Retrieved from: http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=e88efb93-bef5-4563-96c8-5c37daa7eb0e%40sessionmgr115&vid=4&hid=105 Mosser, K. (2010). Introduction to ethics and social responsibility. San Diego, Bridgepoint Education,  Inc. retrieved from https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUSOC120. 10. 2/sections/ch00

Management Team Essay

Many scholars believe that â€Å"there is a strong connection between the growth potential of a venture and the quality of its management team†, (Timmons and Spinelli, 2009). Describe what is meant by â€Å"management team† philosophy and attitude of entrepreneurial ventures that will eventually contribute to business venture growth? From Collins dictionaries the management team is defined as â€Å"a team of managers in charge of direction a company, business, etc. Wikipedia define the management team as â€Å"senior management, executive management, or management team is generally a team of individuals at the highest level of organizational†. For general definition, management team is a set of peoples that come from various function or responsibility that responsible to manage the organization. â€Å"there is a strong connection between the growth potential of a venture and the quality of its management team†, (Timmons and Spinelli, 2009). To relate this statement, I had found some statement from (Krishnan et al. 1997, p. 363). Differences between the top management teams on important dimensions such as backgrounds of managers has more potential to create unique value because it makes the combined organization stronger by offsetting weaknesses in both firms, thereby creating or maintaining a competitive advantage I also refer to www. jeffcobizjournal. com that mentioned about â€Å"a bad manager will make bad decisions, will hurt the morale of the employees and your relationship with customers, you can’t afford to keep them around†. This situation can give impact the organization directly, so it is really importance to have good quality of management team in order to ensure growth potential to organization business. This idea clearly directed the right people for the right jobs its crucial during the selecting the management team in the organization. Cited from the Marriott management philosophy â€Å"’A business succeeds not because it is long established or because it is big, but because there are men and women in it who live it, sleep it, dream it, and build great future plans for it. † Robinson Finkelstein, Hambrick, and Cannella (2009: 3) wrote, â€Å"The small group of people at the top of an organization can dramatically affect organizational outcomes. Becker (1964), training and wages for experiences and skilled managers can be seen as a firm’s investment in human capital, expecting to benefit from higher productivity and added economic value. From this statement we can relate the bad impact of the small group of people to it is because of the individual factor also. Research shows that effective communication in a team is a critical factor determining team performance (Hitt, et al. 2006). Robinson et al. found that an entrepreneurial attitude orientation scale significantly differentiated between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. Therefore, it is mentioned that: attitude towards entrepreneurship is a function of the demographic and psychological characteristics and their interaction. Baum, Locke and Smith (2001) reported significant correlations between self-efficacy and venture growth, Douglas and Shepherd (2005) define entrepreneurial capital as the composite of the individual’s entrepreneurial attitudes and abilities. Entrepreneurial attitudes are those toward autonomy, risk, work, income and (other net) perquisites, while entrepreneurial abilities include opportunity recognition, viability screening, and creative problem solving skills. Hofer and Sandberg (Summer 1987), stated there are three factors have a substantial impact on a new venture’s performance. In order of importance, these factors affecting new venture success are (1) the structure of the industry entered, (2) the new venture’s business strategy, and (3) behavioral characteristics of the entrepreneur. My focus will be on the behavioral characteristics of entrepreneur. Sources from K. Axelton, â€Å"Fever Pitch,† Entrepreneur (December 2004), p. 74; N. L. Torres, â€Å"Think Outside the Box,† Entrepreneur (February 2004), pp. 108–111; A. Pennington, â€Å"Una Cassidy,† Entrepreneur (November 2003), p. 24 found four entrepreneurial characteristics are key to a new venture’s success. Successful entrepreneurs have: 1) the ability to identify potential venture opportunities better than most people. 2) a sense of urgency that makes them action oriented, 3) switch the niche, 4) borrow a business model.

Assignment-Provide written responses to the following reading Essay

Assignment-Provide written responses to the following reading assignments. Responses should include Direct quotes (2-3 +) with commentary about the quotes and a reasonable amount of focused content - Essay Example The grocer tells him that the smaller priest disturbed the apple cart ran. When Valentin goes on to look for Father Brown, he goes to another restaurant and finds a window smashed and learns that it was broken by the little priest. 2. The story starts with â€Å"A little girl was driving home her cow, a plodding, dilatory, provoking creature in her behavior, but valued her companion for all that† (Jewett 48). I think the writer used a cow as a metaphor for Sylvia’s fingers. The writer was trying to show that Sylvia used to masturbate. Another event was when she climbs the tree and reaches at the top of the vine and sees the ocean she apprehends this â€Å"vast and awesome world† (Jewett 55). Here, I think the narrator explains that she reached her orgasm and the world was signified by her body that can be overcome by her. The last event was when she refused to tell the hunter where to find the white heron meaning she refused to surrender her virginity to him. 3. The first and the second line of the poem The World Is Too Much with Us explains the core matter that man is misusing the world and wiping it out. On the second line when the author says â€Å"Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers† (Wordsworth 3). He is trying to show that man has the capability and power to take care of nature but instead we are wasting it and thus not using â€Å"our powers† (Wordsworth 3) to conserve it. 4. â€Å"By woman wailing for her Demon Lover† (Coleridge & Tuley 23). In this line, the writer compares this to grains that are falling from the stem as they are threshed. The second line that is more appealing is â€Å"The shadow of the Dome of Pleasure† (Coleridge & Tuley 23) whereby the writer explains the pleasure in the dome and thus sounding as music. 5. What is interesting is the fact that both have a brilliant start. Another interesting thing in the story is how the two had their

Waste Water Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Waste Water Management - Coursework Example It seems impossible that one universal method will be able to satisfy the situation, thus there are several methods and techniques that have been devised to detect and dispose off the organic pollutants. It is important to distinguish the effectiveness and robustness of a technology, while searching for the most efficient one amongst the various water treatment methods available in the market. The need is to overcome the environmental vulnerability, without sacrificing the performance levels of the water treatment techniques. There are several technologies that present effectual solutions for the versatile water treatment issues but at the same time possess considerable flaws. For example, one of the most popularly used water treatment methods is with the help of activated carbon or zeolite surfaces. In this method, the contaminants are separated from the water by transferring them to relatively highly charged surface area of the water sample. The drawback of this method is that the pollutant needs to be disposed after the adsorbent is exhausted and often mixes in the water again. Similarly other methods like, thermal oxidation treatment (extremely energy intensive), biological treatment (which has failed to provide results with high variation of pollutants), have not provided the research community with the desired results. This paper presents a review on the work done on photo catalytic oxidation reactions---a type of Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP's). It presents the option of water treatment by the photo catalytic oxidation process in a UV reactor system to mineralize organic contaminants in water with the help of a semiconductor catalyst TiO2. Thus the paper explores the recovery of water from waste water as an alternative water resource. It also throws light on the different water treatment technologies prevalent today and their comparison with the photo catalytic reactions. Using UV water treatment method for disinfection of waste water dates back to 1915 in the U.S. and since then the costs of the method have depreciated largely, thereby opening news roads and allowing the researchers to develop effective UV methods to disinfect water and wastewater. In these oxidation methods, water is treated with the help of

Tax Preparation in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tax Preparation in the USA - Essay Example This paper looks and discusses how tax preparations are done with the help of accounting and bookkeeping firms as in many cases, the tax filer is confused with all the complexities it entails for everyone. Although a tax form has been simplified, some 40% to 50% of all tax filings have been completed by the tax preparer, of which there are four types, namely: certified public accountants (CPAs), lawyers, an enrolled agent (someone who passed special examinations given by the Internal Revenue Service precisely for this purpose and has thereby gained IRS accreditation) and unenrolled tax preparer. Discussion My decision as John (owner of the private accounting practice) is to accept Sue (client) because I think I can help her out with her problems. First and foremost, the most logical step is to reconstruct her financial transactions as best as possible by taking calculated estimates of her income and expenses. This will help me prepare her audited financial statements (balance sheet a nd income statement) but most likely, I will issue a qualified opinion on these statements. This will serve as guide and warning to whoever uses these financial statements to arrive at their own judgment as to the applicability and suitability of the statements for their own use, like a bank. Because Sue operates her small business as a single proprietorship (presumably as based on case facts given, as she has only five full-time employees), then she pays business taxes in the same form as her personal income tax. It means that both she and the business itself are not taxed separately as they are considered as one and the same entities. The Internal Revenue Service or IRS calls this â€Å"pass-through taxation† as all profits pass through her sole proprietorship business before it reaches her as personal income. A needed document is the profit and loss statement of her business (Schedule C of the IRS forms) together with the IRS Form 1040. Moreover, she also needs to pay her own â€Å"self-employment taxes† like the Social Security and Medicare systems. It is usually double the rate of what ordinary employees pay in terms of salary deductions because a sole proprietor has no employer counterpart for the contributions and so she must pay the entire amount due, which must be reported under Schedule SE (self-employed) of the IRS. Present self-employment tax rate is now 15.3% (adjusted since last February 2012 from 13.3%) for the first $110,100 in reported income and then 2.9% tax rate for any amount in excess thereof. The box of receipts that Sue gave may not be of much help as some of her expenses and receipts for income were questionable, so the best approach is to just use the standard deductions which are fixed dollar amounts to some items. The IRS allows a business to deduct certain items and ordinary business expenses to lessen the tax due, to include operating expenses, advertising costs, travel and gasoline expenses, business-related meals a nd entertainment for business guests (IRS, 2012, p. 1); in order for an expense to qualify as a deductible, it must be necessary and also ordinary that is indispensable or helpful in pursuit of carrying out the trade or a type of business; not included are cost of goods sold, capital expenses (such as equipment) and personal expenses.  

The Effect of Body Language on Oneself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Effect of Body Language on Oneself - Essay Example According to the report  nonverbal communication in the simplest of terms can be defined as the process of sending a message without the use of words. It involves the use of expression of the face, the gestures we make, the postures we take, the tone of our voices and the emotions attached to it, the kind of grooming we do, the clothing we dress in, and so on.   It is important to note that the nonverbal cues one employs at times contains a message that is direct while at times the message is hidden, but all in all, these cues end up influencing the outcome of the verbal communication that we are making. It is possible to be saying one thing while our body language could be saying exactly the opposite of what we are saying.This paper declares that  it is a fact that cannot be disputed that our body language says a lot about ourselves. As human beings, we are interested in what the other persons’ body language says about them because it will basically determine how we are going to interact with them in both the short and the long run. While our nonverbal affect other peoples; how we judge them, and the outcome of the judgment, it is imperative to note that as humans, we are very much influenced by our own nonverbal especially the power dynamics aspect.  Human beings have this inbuilt tendency to display their accomplishment; that is, pride. We all express pride in one way or another.  

Using data for Sainsburys plc, critically evaluate the relative Essay

Using data for Sainsburys plc, critically evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of internal performance measurement techniques and those relying on external performance measures - Essay Example In its specifics, the graph below depicts the trend of MVA for the company. Writing on the variable for critiquing MVA of companies, Baum , Sarver and Strickland (2004) emphasized the need for the MVA to increase at an even rate with the market value of the company. Rightly so, it can be said that for most of the years, Sainsbury’s MVA has been directly proportional to its market value, which is a major strength for the company. The reason this is an important variable is that when MVA is not proportional to market value, it exposes the company to much external deficit. On the other hand, Bender (2012) also mentioned that it is very important for companies to have a steady growth rate in their MVA. This is a major weakness with Sainsbury as the company has been highly inconsistent with its MVA. Apart from the inconsistency, the rate has been declining sharply since 2009. This is a major weakness for the company as it suggests that the company is not income resourceful when the capital input from investors is taken out. The table below summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of Sainsbury’s MVA. On the second external performance measure which is total shareholder return (TSR), Bender (2012) explained that TSR is calculated by dividing the sum of change in stock price an dividends paid by beginning stock price. The relevance of TSR as an external performance measure is that it highlights the returns that shareholders make from investing in stocks. To have a perfect critique of the TSR of Sainsbury, it is important to relate the calculated TSR to the share price and dividend per share. This is because according to Stern (2011, p. 5), â€Å"firms with high retention ratios (low payout ratios) generally have higher growth rates in earnings than firms with lower retention ratios (higher payout ratios).† In the figure below, the share price, dividend per share and calculated TSR of Sainsbury since 2009 are compared. From the

Skyfall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Skyfall - Essay Example A good film will undergo multiple scripting and deliberations on the most effective elements that are likely to make it a classic piece. From the graphics, the scenes, the background setting, color, soundtrack and lighting, are examples of decisions that the production has to decide on befor5e the movie can be cast. In short, the team does not wake up one day and go to the field to shoot a movie. Common decisions they have to make include the cinematic and theoretical elements of the movie. In differentiating between these two elements, this paper will analyse the film â€Å"Skyfall† that features James Bond, Javier Silva, Gareth Mallory, Eve, Severine, Q, Tanner, Patrice, Kincade and M. From the filming of the â€Å"Skyfall†, the director portrays a series of cinematic and theoretical episodes, making the audience get the feeling of watching a film that still can be referred to as a play. The film begins with a cinematic element in a chase where Patrice an agent of Sil va is in a hot pursuit from Bond. This takes place after a raid of the M16 offices and crucial information is stolen. However, Bond is shot by Eve his colleague and falls into a river. This dramatic turn of events is prompts others to think that Bond died from the shot. Theatrically, the movie portrays various characters that are in the cast, with unveiling of undercover agents deployed by the NATO in dangerous places. However, the setting is yet again replaced by a cinematic setting where Bond re-emerges from a beach, safe and ready to keep on with his mission (Wilson, 2012). Bond picks up with his mission of tracking Patrice and retrieving the hard disc containing information about the secret agents operations. From the trip to Shanghai to casinos in Macau, he desperately searches for the accomplice. This search and the various encounters of Bond with agents working for Silva, both Cinematic and Theatrical elements are portrayed. When Patrice and Bond start a fight after the killi ng of M16 agents, music is played all the way to the moment when Bond overcomes Patrice who falls of from the storied building. The music does not only make the scene interesting but also creates a cinematic element. After a long search of Patrice, Bond finds him at a casino in Macau. The two rivals start yet another fight in which music is played as they engage in a heated fight that is a measure of strength and wits. Music is also played all through this scene in order to pass time. The scene would have appeared boring as little was said by the two. Therefore, to keep the viewer engaged and as a way of killing time, music was played (Wilson, 2012). In the fight between Bond and Patrice at the casino in Macau, a cinematic scene is created when the two face off each other in presence of animals. The appeal of this to the audience is interesting and captivating too. To win the hearts of the audience, the directors make the Bond character strong and therefore this entices them to stay by his side as he hunts and kills the bad people. This is too cinematic. On the other hand, a few scenes from the film portray the theatrical part of a film. In Macau where Bond tracks Silva, Bond gets into a fight with agents of Silva. He fights them, killing all of them. Although this reveals him as a strong character, his ability to do so single handed is questionable by the

Business - Discussion and Participation Questions Essay

Business - Discussion and Participation Questions - Essay Example The final report of the auditor should be included in the annual report of the company so that the findings become public information. Sox-online.com (2006). Section 201 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Retrieved January 19, 2012 from http://www.sox-online.com/act_section_201.html 2. The five major areas covered by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) are: code of professional conduct, auditing standards, compilation and review standards, other attestation standards, and consulting standards. I believe that all areas are important due to the fact that they are part of a unique algorithm the must be followed to properly conduct an audit. If I were to choose one area that stands out from the rest it would be the code of professional conduct. During the Enron scandal a lack of professional conduct in the auditing process led to the biggest bankruptcy case in the history of the United States at the time. Ethics and professionals should have prevented the scandal from ever occurring, but greed took over the minds of the auditors at Arthur Anderson and they preferred to get rich than to do their jobs based on the principles of professional conduct. The integrity of the entire process is dependent on auditors complying with the code of professional conduct. 3. I like your response and I agree with you that compliance with SOX improves the accountability of the entire auditing process. When Sarbanes Oxley was created people did not know whether the Act would work. In 2012 it seems as if the initiative has helped stabilize the information coming out of Wall Street. A lack of confidence in the market was one of the main reasons Congress got involved in the process about a decade ago. Independence is achieved when the auditor works an audit without any external pressures to alter the results because of the existence of a conflict of interest. 4. I agree with you that the communication between the client and the auditor must be honest and open at all ti mes. The managers of the company being audited should facilitate the process of providing the auditor with all the data and information the auditor needs to perform his job. Auditors must have superb analytical ability and great communication skills. Verbal communication skills are required to interact with the client in order to retrieve the information necessary to complete the audit in an efficient manner. 5. Information risk occurred back in 2001 when the Enron scandal was revealed. In this case the risks of information occur because of collusion between the executive management team and Author Anderson. It would be hard to visualize in 2012 how history could repeat itself at such as large scale since compliance with SOX reassures external groups that the firm’s financial data is free of material error or fraud. I agree with you that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board was very instrumental in improving the reliability of accounting information. 6. I agree with you response in regards to the importance of professional conduct. When accountants are dirty it is highly feasible for a smart accountant to cook up the books in order

Relevance of Standard Costing & Variance Analysis Essay

Relevance of Standard Costing & Variance Analysis - Essay Example The standard cost is a predetermined unit cost i.e. the price and standard amount of each resource to be utilized in manufacturing a product and providing a service. A variance is the difference of actual cost incurred and expected standard cost. The variance analysis involves breakup of total variance to explain how much variance is caused by difference in use of resources from the standard usage quantity and how much variance is caused by the difference in prices of resources from the standard costs (Scarlett, 2008, p.96). The standard costing can be advantageous only if the cost standards are carefully established and prudently used. The use of standards solely for placing blame can have negative impact on management and employees. The major advantages include better management planning, promotes economy by making the employees understand importance of cost reduction, setting selling price, management control, highlights variances in management by exception and simplify the invent ories’ costs reducing clerical costs (Weygandt, Kimmel & Kieso, 2009, p.495). Standard costing system was developed in accordance with the traditional manufacturing environment which has changed drastically in recent competitive environment. The critics of standard costing and variance analysis site the following reasons for its declining relevance: Changing Cost Structure: Provided that the standard costing is suited to the control of variable and direct costs but not fixed and indirect costs, the usefulness of standard costing has been questioned because the in recent times the overhead costs have become the relevant factory costs whereas the importance of direct labour costs has diminished. Inconsistency with JIT (Just-in-Time) Philosophy: JIT is an inventory system which works towards keeping zero inventories and reducing handling, warehousing and financing costs and time associated with tracking stocks and movements (Ajami & Goddard, 2006, p.357). This system has been wi dely adopted by American and European firms in the last decade. Although critics of standard costing and variance analysis assert that if performance of purchasing department is evaluated on the basis of purchase price variance then the purchase managers will be motivated to obtain materials at the lowest possible costs which can result in selection of many suppliers on the basis of lowest price, large quantity purchases resulting in larger inventories, low quality goods and indifference towards attainment of on-time delivery. This contradicts the JIT philosophy. Overemphasis on the importance of Direct Labour: The fact that direct labour has lost its importance in modern manufacturing and is a small proportion of the total factory costs, makes the standard costing irrelevant because most of the overhead costs are allocated to the cost centres on the basis of direct labour hours. To reduce their allocated costs the managers try to reduce the direct labour hours which diverts the att ention from controlling the rising overhead costs. This is not an inadequacy of standard costing rather a faulty application of it to rely on volume variances to control short term costs and performance evaluation. Inconsistent with Continuous Improvement Philosophy: The

Land Pollution Essay Example for Free

Land Pollution Essay Causes of Land Pollution 1. Degenerative Actions Degenerative Actions encompass a lot of human actions, including deforestation, overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, desertification, mining, inefficient and / or inadequate waste treatment, landfill, litter, etc. 2. Misuse of Land Misuse of Land mainly refers to felling of trees to clear land for agriculture, as well as processes like desertification and land conversion. Desertification is when anthropogenic effects of human development or other actions convert a piece of (essentially) fertile land into desert-land or dry land. Land once converted to desert-land can never be reclaimed by any amount of corrective measures. This is also a serious issue because t does not only affect the land, but also the overall biodiversity of a place, especially when land is cleared for agriculture. A lot of indigenous flora and fauna is lost in the process. 3. Soil Pollution Soil Pollution is when the top-most soil layer of land is destroyed or polluted. Soil pollution is again another cause of land pollution that affects not only the land, but also a lot of other things such as forest cover of a region, productivity of land in terms of agriculture, grazing etc. Soil pollution is also caused by wrong agricultural practices, such as overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This causes non-biodegradable chemicals to enter and accumulate in the food-chain a process often referred to as biomagnification of a pollutant. 4. Land Conversion Land Conversion is the process whereby a piece of land is converted from its indigenous form to a form used for either agriculture or infrastructure. Land conversion is especially a growing problem that we possibly do not have a good or a good enough solution for. The best way to avoid land conversion is to make efficient use of the available land. Using a piece of land to its maximum potential is the key to eliminate many of the causes of land pollution. Effects of Land Pollution 1. Effects on Climate Land pollution can affect the general environment of the Earth. Land pollutions leads to loss in the forest cover of Earth. This is in turn going to affect the amount of rain. Less rains mean lesser vegetation. The effect of all different kinds of pollution will eventually lead to problems like acid rains, greenhouse effect, global warming. All of these problems have already initiated and need to be curbed before the situation runs out of control. 2. Extinction of Species One of the major causes of concern is the extinction of species. Species are pushed towards endangerment and extinction primarily by two processes. Habitat fragmentation is the fragmentation of the natural habitat of an organism; cause primarily by urban sprawl. Habitat destruction, on the other hand, is when land clearing adversely affects animals special such that their natural habitat is lost. Both the actions can cause some species to go extinct and others to become invasive. 3. Biomagnification Biomagnification is the process in which certain non-biodegradable substances go on accumulating in the food-chain (in one or more species). The most common example is of methylmercury in fish and mercury in eagles. Not only does biomagnification put the particular species at risk, it puts all the species above and below it at risk, and ultimately affects the food pyramid. 4. Effects on Biodiversity Species extinction and biomagnification is going to overthrow the balance of nature very significantly. The main reason for this is disturbance created in the food chain. To give you a very simple example on account of biomagnification of mercury in eagles, they might go extinct in the subsequent years. However, we know eagles prey on snakes. Less (or no) eagles will then result in more number of snakes! Ways to Reduce Land Pollution 1. Reduce toxic materials. Waste materials that are disposed of should have minimal toxic materials. This can be done by treating the waste materials with various chemicals to make them less toxic. Once the waste is treated, it can be disposed of using responsible methods. Harmful chemicals can also be replaced with less toxic, biodegradable materials. 2. Recycle waste materials. As explained by the Stanford Recycling Center, each American throws away 7 1/2 lbs. of garbage. Garbage requires landfills, which takes up large amounts of land. 3. Buy organics products, especially organic cleaners, pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers. The advantage of using organic products is that they are biodegradable and friendly to the environment. 4. Avoid littering. Excessive littering is one of most common reasons for land pollution. 5. Take initiative to inform others about the harmful effects of littering. Organic wastes must be disposed off in areas that are far from human or animal habitation. Waste like plastic, metals, glass and paper must be recycled and reused. 6. Improve fertility of the land by reforesting. Soils in forested lands are far more fertile than soil without trees, suggesting that trees have the ability to fertilize land.

Art Projects: Drawing a Partridge and Crayon Art

Art Projects: Drawing a Partridge and Crayon Art How to draw a partridge in a pear tree How to seal a pendant colored with melted crayon shavings How can I make a bracelet out of DMC floss? HOW TO DRAW A PARTRIDGE IN A PEAR TREE The topic that this article is going to focus on is about a bird which is not so famous but means a lot when people come across occasions like Christmas. Many must not have heard about this bird and those who have heard it might recollect it from the phrase, Partridge in a Pear tree. Lets now get to know more about this bird and the meaning behind the phrase. In short, lets draw a partridge to our attention which is generally referred in context with a pear tree. A partridge is basically a bird belonging to the pheasant family also called as Phasianidae. They are non-migratory, medium-sized birds which are native to Europe, Africa and Asia. They are ground-nesting birds which are involved mainly in the seed-eating livelihood. These details must have given the readers enough information about a brief outlook of a partridge. But these details matter more to a biologist rather than general readers. The specialty of this bird is that, it has a unique relationship with the pear tree. Christians must be probably aware of the phrase, i.e. to draw a partridge to a pear tree, because the event takes place in Christmas. Partridge in a pear tree is actually a stocking kit from Bucilla which features a beautiful partridge nestled in a tree. To draw a partridge in a pear tree implies decorating the Christmas tree with a stocking which contains a partridge in a pear tree surrounded by glittering golden pears. To draw such a thing on a Christmas tree pleases Santa Claus and the tree glitters even more. The things need to create a partridge in a pear tree are sequins, beads, needles, cotton floss, metallic threads, stamped felts and glitter for shining. The stocking should be approximately 18 long diagonally and must display a partridge bird on a tree with pears around it. This is the way in which the stocking is created. There are several interpretations about the partridge in a pear tree phrase. One implication is that, it is a Christmas song which depicts the love between two persons by offering the partridge in a pear tree gift to each other. Another story behind this topic is known world wide. Partridge has been named from the Greek word, Perdix which was once the name of a Greek king. This king was once cast from a tower into the ocean by his enemy and he emerged as a bird from there and was carried to heaven by Goddess Athena. Thus, Athena represents the pear tree which was responsible for carrying the bird Perdix which is called partridge, to heaven. Thus sometimes, the bird, partridge was also referred as a symbol of Jesus Christ and thus the Christmas carol containing the phrase was formed. These two instances clearly tell us how Christians believe in the partridge in the pear tree and wait to draw a partridge each Christmas. Thus, the readers must have gained a spectacular piece of mythological history which is followed throughout the world each Christmas, when people around the world get ready to draw a partridge in the pear tree. It also takes us to a bright moral that, occasions like these get focused only when they are followed regularly. BEST BRAND/TYPE OF TRANSFER PAPER FOR EMBROIDERY OR CREWEL WORKS Art and Craft form the major part of the creation industry. This industry is mainly based on the skills of the artists to imagine, design and create. While in school days everyone is taught a bit of art and craft, some like it, some dont. The days are greatly remembered when the tracing paper was used as the means of creating an exact copy of the image mechanically before printers came into existence. Transfer papers are also of the same kind as tracing papers and also have the same purpose. Many creative things can be done using this transfer paper such as, printing on t-shirts, designs on pots and many more. But the purpose that surprises many is the use of transfer paper for embroidery. The task seems new as the traditional method of doing embroidery on cloth articles was with a needle and many colorful threads. Earlier the design to be made was sketched with a pencil roughly onto the cloth and then the thread was used to give it an outline. Now-a-days, the free-hand sketching has been made more perfect by the use of transfer paper. The best quality transfer paper gives astonishing results and gives the impression of a perfect design. The process of using transfer paper for embroidery can be explained briefly as follows. Inkjet or any other printer is first used to print the image on the transfer paper. This image can then be transferred onto the clothing by a heat press. This process is also called as an iron-on. The image once transferred can be embedded in the cloth by the use of embroidery. There are several types and brands of transfer papers available in the market. These can be named as, heat transfer paper, inkjet transfer paper, sublimation transfer paper, color laser transfer paper etc. Each of them has their own advantages and disadvantages. The most expensive one is the color laser transfer paper. It seems the names of the transfer papers belong to the names of the printers they are used with. Inkjet transfer paper comes in two varieties, for light colored fabric and for dark colored fabric. The fabrics which are going to be used for printing need to be of good quality to increase the life of the print on it. Use of transfer paper for embroidery is an exciting option for creating and printing various designs on the fabric using the various transfer papers. This is a new fashion of clothing which is growing at a rapid pace in the fashion industry. This act of using transfer paper for embroidery on the clothes prompts the designers to try the process at home or open centers for such printing works. The embroidery which seemed boring for so many years will finally be retrieved in a new form and the clothes wore will have the designs made by the person wearing it. The important suggestion is to select the proper and the best type of printing and embroidery technique and last but not the least the best brand and quality of transfer paper for attractive printing. HOW TO SEAL A PENDANT COLORED WITH MELTED CRAYON SHAVINGS Jewellery is that part of beautification which includes various forms of designs and gems embedded with it. This has various forms ranging from the most expensive one to the most simple but beautiful ones. A ring looks incomplete without a gem; similarly a necklace seems incomplete without a pendant. Pendant is that part of the necklace which gives it a meaning and an extra bit of enhancement to the necklace. Pendant can exist in various forms, but the most discussed one lately is the one with melted crayon shavings. The reason for this can be known shortly. A pendant is that part of a necklace that is always hanging from it and gives it an identity. It can exist in various shapes, the most preferred of which is the heart shape. A pendant can be made of gold, silver, titanium etc., but the most simple and home made pendant is the one with melted crayon shavings. The process of giving a final polish or impact to the pendant is called as sealing. Sealing means the same as a piece of stamped wax which ensures strength for the material on which it is applied. Crayons are most popularly used for coloring, but they have a disadvantage of their disposal, because once the sharp point is gone, it is of no further use unless someone sharpens it. These crayons can then be converted into shavings and melted together to give it a different shape and color and used for various purposes. The following are the steps for sealing a pendant colored with melted crayon shavings Take the crayons available and cut them in the form of shavings in the way a tree is cut slice by slice. Make the slices as finer as possible to melt them quickly. After the shavings are ready, melt them by placing them on a tough paper and either placing them in an oven or doing it by an iron. The melted shavings are now ready for applying on the pendant to be sealed. Apply the crayon shavings onto the pendant. Make the colored pendant cool by keeping it at normal temperature. Use a metal rod or a log of wood and seal the pendant with a wax coating so that it gets a shiny look onto it. The pendant is now sealed and can be put into a necklace for use. The precaution to be taken here is while melting and sealing. It is suggested that these tasks are done by an adult and done carefully to avoid injuries. The above method of pendant making gives the pendant a simple look but a durable one. Also, it is a best from waste effort as the crayons suggested for use are the broken or spoilt ones. This task has given a great idea of recycling and recreation for generations to learn. The act of making such melted crayon shavings and using them for sealing a pendant will soon become a profession in the near future. HOW CAN I MAKE A BRACELET OUT OF DMC FLOSS Decoration is an activity which everyone loves to do, then it does not matter whether it is a house or an office or any other thing. The simplest way of decoration that humans use to look different and enhance their outer beauty is jewellery. Though women have more jewellery to look rich and beautiful, men dont have that much stuff in number. But both share some common jewellery types which include chains, rings and bracelets. Bracelets can be made from various materials. It is unbelievable that a bracelet does not compulsorily need metals for its creation. It can be made even with rubber or fiber or floss. Thus, to make a bracelet from DMC floss is what interests many for its discussion. Floss in generic form refers to an embroidery thread which is a rough silk obtained from a silkworms cocoon. DMC is a manufacturing unit which manufactures and supplies various kinds of floss to different locations. Thus, to make a bracelet from such a DMC floss is not very tough if proper precautions are taken. The process can be explained as a sequence of steps which are as follows. Bracelets generally are of the wrist size and the thickness can be defined by the amount of floss to be used. So cut 18 25 inches of DMC floss and make the ends line up evenly. Hold the ends together and tie a knot which has a 1 inch tail. Separate the 3 strands and form the number 4 over the adjacent strand. Then just follow the motion used while stitching clothes and make circular rounds about it. Continue this motion till the bracelet attains the desired size. Also the length can be increased as needed. The steps mentioned above give a brief idea about the creation of the bracelet. Many users will have other ideas of the material used for more decoration like beads or pearls and hence, they can go ahead with their own creations. The only care that is to be taken while designing this bracelet is the precision and the sensitivity factor. This is because, you cannot make a bracelet in a hurry, as it can lead to loosening of the floss and will reduce its life. The bracelet also needs to be tight enough to stay tight on the wrist and not fall off. The act of making the bracelet can be done quickly only by a professional. Beginners will take approximately 1 hour to complete this task, and they need to have patience for this. DMC floss is a tough thread and will not easily break off. A blade or a scissor is needed to cut it off and hence it is strong enough to last for a longer duration as compared to other threads. A bracelet is a symbol of friendship as bands are used on friendships day. The best idea is to make a bracelet out of such floss and present it to your friend or your loved one as a symbol of love and gratefulness.

Crisis Management Plan Guidelines

Crisis Management Plan Guidelines Frances Roulet Introduction The ability of dealing with unexpected and sudden events that disturbs communities and changes in organization culture is known as crisis management. In recent years we have been able to palpate transboundary crisis, that have affected stakeholders in multiple forms. For example, the 2011 tsunami of Japan, which interrupted supply chain all over the world, especially in the automotive industry (Crandall, Parnell Spillan, 2010). This art of dealing with crisis requires skills and knowledge to organize stakeholders’ recovery. Crisis management prepares the person to develop skills in an unexpected and adverse circumstances within the organization of an emergency response with courage and determination. The coordination of the emergency responses to a broader incident that threatens to harm and destroy structures, ability to operate effectively and efficiently. The continuum evaluation of the planning and automatic incident response becomes a major part of the process in a crisis management plan. Organizational resources available in a crisis in Dominican Republic. According to Crandall, Parnell Spillan (2014) there are countries and cultures that are known as â€Å"crises-prepared†, because they have been able to train and support any crisis planning to overcome their weakness. The Dominican Republic is not the exception, when a crisis arises the community and Dominican Civil Defense are the first to respond to the emergency, as first responders. Nevertheless, not everyone is prepared to assist another person or assume a role of leadership in the process of an emergency crisis. The national emergency and communication system, known as the Center for Emergencies Operation, [COE], in its role of the leading agency nationwide in a crisis, and responding organization has been able to develop competence and abilities to assist potential crises and manage the ones that eventually occur. The Center for Emergencies Operation, [COE], is entitled to develop, review, implement and train personnel, volunteers and the community in reference to the national plan and management for emergencies nationwide. The Dominican Civil Defense, are the first responder to the scene of a natural disaster or crisis. This is one of the emergency groups, at least, most known in the country as trained first responders to any type of emergency. The Dominican Civil Defense began their community services as a group of volunteers to the community by providing communication services as radio amateur by 1963. Their first official support to the community was with Hurricane Flora, where they proved how they were effective in providing communication nationwide under an emergency disaster as a hurricane. The Dominican Red Cross allowed them to station their central communication within their center. By, 1966, the Dominican government enacted the Law 257, which created the Dominican Civil Defense as an official organism to assist emergencies. Therefore, becoming an official state institution under the umbrella of the Center of Emergencies Operation, COE. In September 22, 2002, the government enacted the Law 147-02 by which the risk management, became the official emergency governmental Agency in charge of developing the national emergency and communication plan along with its regulations. As general principles they abide by to protect, coordinate, participate, teach prevention and decentralize services. Their primary goal is to prevent or reduce loss of lives and minimize property damages of civilians and government from natural disasters or manmade disasters. The Dominican Civil Defense, is one the organisms under the umbrella of COE, as well as the Dominican Red Cross, Energy Conservation Department, Fire Department, Police Department, Dominican Port Authority, Health Department, Environment and Natural Resources Department, Dominican Seismological Institute, National Housing Department, among others, have been recognized as an emergency crisis team of technicians and professionals local, national and internationally for its work team on behalf of those in need and the community. In the case of the Dominican Civil Defense, their manpower is composed of 95% of constant trained volunteers, an executive director, an officer corps, and departmental managers who, according to their academic preparation begin working for the community and the benefit of the country. According to Treurniet, Van Buul-Besseling Wolbers (2012) the community may be defined as a group of people living in the same area and having a particular characteristics in common of being a human being. And as such, they will belong to different groups and communities, sharing their understanding of a true active community work, towards each other. By 2014, the Dominican Republic implemented for the first time in its history the services of 911. As one of the new emergency resource services center, its authorities in charge felt the need to educate massively the population about the use and benefits of 911. The communication strategy was massively used (television and radio) during the following two months prior to the activation of the 911 system nationwide. Pearson Mitroff (1993) expressed that there is a need of collaborating with the community, because it provides a sense of being part active within the community. Furthermore, they explained that the community can share their expectations, assessing their needs and goals of those who are needing assistance. In times of crisis, the knowledge of collaborating formally or informally with organizations in reaching one goal of helping out another person becomes a resilient behavior (James Gilliland, 2013). In the Dominican Republic, Center for Emergency and Communication Operations, [COE] would be similar in its function to what FEMA is in the United States. The Dominican Civil Defense is allocated under the umbrella of the COE. This Center would be part integral of the Crisis Management Team, CMT and the Crisis Management Plan, CMP. COE coordinates constant trainings with national and international agencies who are also dealing with emergencies and crisis in order to exchange experiences and train with new techniques. Today, the Dominican Civil Defense has become one of the institutions of the Government that has one of the best communication networks in the country after the Armed Forces. They have a communication system in the UHF band or ultra-high frequency recently installed, and a fleet system is national in scope, in addition to conventional phones. Currently, the Dominican Civil Defense has a radio station, which is the soul of the institution in crisis and emergencies that operate 24 hours a day and the 365 days of the year (Dominican Civil Defense, 2014). Crisis Theories. Theories make several assumptions in order to provide an explanation of a given situation. Several authors, such as James Gilliland (2013) explains that the Eclectic Crisis Intervention Theory entails an intentional and systematic selectively integrated valid concepts and strategies to help the victims from different approaches. This particular theory begins working as a task-oriented theory, instead of using concepts. Several major tasks identified in this theory are: Identify elements in all systems and to integrate them into an internally consistent whole providing a more accurate behavioral data to be explained. Consider all existent theories, methods, and standards for evaluating and manipulating clinical data according to the advanced knowledge of time and place. The need to identify with no specific theory, with an open mind and continuously experiment with those formulations and strategies that produce successful results. This particular theory integrates two pervasive themes. The first of those theme is that people and all crises are unique and distinctive, therefore can apply to anyone and any type of culture. Secondly, all people and all crises are similar. Hence, James Gilliland (2013) understands that these assumptions are seen as mutually exclusive. The eclectic approach, according to James Gilliland (2013) provide an opportunity to a number of approaches and theories, subsequently, it allows the opportunity of being able to assess the victim’s needs in order to apply and plan the appropriate techniques tailored to the person. The therapist, on the other hand, will be taking risks and will have the willingness to switch an approach to another technique even if the first had function. However, the Interpersonal theory in essence explains that people can not sustain a personal state of a crisis for very long, if they really believe in themselves and in others. Having confidence, the person will become self-actualized and overcome the crisis (James Gilliland, 2013). Crandall, Parnell Spillan (2014) explained that the fundamental goal of the crisis management team, CMT is to plan ahead for potential crises and manage those crises that eventually occur. Therefore, it will be looked upon in three aspects, crisis-response organizations and review their relationship between organizations. Ethical and legal challenges. Crandall, Parnell Spillan (2014) provided an understanding of the importance of ethical and legal responsibilities and challenges when dealing with organizations and their cultural barriers. The ethical culture of the organizations most of time is being blemished because of the unethical behavior performed by its employees, and regardless of their written code of ethics. For example, unrealistic goals of organizations, may lead employees to unrealistic decision making. Therefore, employees may feel, that they should incur in unethical behavior to obtain the goal by undermining organizational procedures (Crandall, Parnell Spillan, 2014). On the other hand, ethical standards are not considered to have legal weight only, according to James Gilliland (2013); even though these standards issues are focused more on guiding codes of conducts to the profession. Violation of these codes can and will lead any professional to be censure or may lose their license mandated by the profession’s ethics board. According to Reyes Jacobs (2006) explained that the process helps to ease and overcome multicultural barriers and challenges, such as, language, beliefs, logistics, and sustainability. Furthermore, it may reduce accusations of cultural insensitivity. An example of this may be consider when an organization does not belief in significant religious holidays, and their employees must present themselves to work, against their beliefs and the organization. Organizations must develop standard ethical conduct guidelines, which must implement ethics trainings in order to highlight ethical issues and how they may react to the crisis (Crandall, Parnell Spillan, 2014). Moral principles may have a vast and varied perception, organizations as well as first responders must be set aside their beliefs in order to reach and assist the crisis. Thus, encouraging coping behaviors consistent with the persons beliefs, and customs help ethics minorities understand the management and healing process (Reyes Jacobs, 2006). Throughout the process of crisis management and the first responders, becomes imperative to comprehend what their role is in this process in order to provide the appropriate social support to the organization and its personnel in need. In practice, according to Crandall, Parnell Spillan (2014) there are several suggestions or principles that may better ethical culture codes that can improve drastically the counselor performance when there are multicultural challenges or barriers when managing and responding to crises. One of these suggestions may avoid, when an unethical behavior is discovered. In this case, the organization must respond immediately to correct the situation and discipline the person responsible for the behavior incur against the ethical guidelines codes. Another suggestion to overcome behaviors that violate ethical, legal and multicultural challenges or barriers, is hiring a chief, officer or director of ethics. This person responsibilities as an officer, chief or director which would serve in top management or board of directors, who also will report to the maximum level of the organization whether this is a public or private one. This position will promote the ethical standards of the organization as well as its culture; ensuring the employees behavior along addressing their concerns and needs. In a similar situation, Crandall, Parnell Spillan (2014) suggested that managers, director or presidents should require to have realistic goals. These goals are well conceived, otherwise, unrealistic goals encourages unethical decision and therefore behavior among employees. Along this suggestion, top management or executive directors, may provide a hotline number and/or email in which employees have a person or department within their organization that they can trust and to whom they can report unethical behaviors or ethical violations maintain its confidentiality. This specific suggestion may help employees to report any type of unethical conduct that they or another employee may be facing. Finally, ethical issues arisen within organizations because of weak ethical norms or non-existent codes. The landscape survey of organizations and industries must identify and uncover ethical weaknesses which are feebleness points within the system. As a result, the organizations and industries need to promote ideas within to build an improved ethical atmosphere. Ultimately, the organizations and industries in their learning stages may promote improving the ethical performance throughout the experiences of specific crisis events. Description of a model to train counselors for a crisis. In November, 2014, Dominican Republic, felt for the first time a terrorist bomb attack in the capital city trolley. As it was expected reactions of confusion among the civilians was observed, but, security and police were also confused and terrified. This event could not be happening in this paradise island. There were two victims one female that her burns were moderate and was send home, and the other male victim, was sprayed with some type accelerant and he was severely burned, and did not make it. Police Department took over a day to determine what type of attack was it, until they established without no doubts that it was a terrorist bomb. The Police Department only communicated to the responsible person to give up himself because he was caught in the security camera; or else to abstain himself of what would happened if they go out in his search. Two days after the person responsible for the death of the civilian decided to give himself up and was immediately legally processed an d sentenced. He never gave a really reason of why he did the act. He received a sentence of 30 years in jail, without the possibility of parole. According to White, Mazerolle, Porter Chalk (2014) explained that comprehending the effectiveness of counter-terrorism efforts requires a conceptual framework for its intervention. The Australian National Counter-Terrorism Plan (NCTP) indicated that the framework establishes four categories of interventions: Legislative and Administrative, Prevention and Preparedness, Response and Recovery. All of these four categories use a theoretical different mechanism to have a reaction in pattern of terrorist activity. Today, definitively, the Dominican Republic need to train their first responders and therapist in case of another terrorist attack before the second leaves a worst outcome. Prevention and preparedness is a key in saving more lives, including those who arrive first to respond the attack. The crisis management plan should be evaluate at least twice a year adjusting to the possible changes in the environment and the level of knowledge of those directly involved in assisting the victims and the civilians that also need to be trained as they train anyone in case there is a fire. Who should they called? What should they do? Should they run, remain calm, or hide? Training becomes a major issue in the process of preparedness to survive. Authorities should be able to prepare civilians. Reference American Red Cross (2014). Retrieved on December 24, 2014, from http://www.redcross.org/find-your-local-chapter. Bà ¡ez, A. Valverde-Podestà ¡, A. (2001). Overview of the Dominican Red Cross Emergency and Relief Operations: Following Hurricane Georges. The Internet Journal of Rescue and Disaster Medicine, 3(1). Crandall, W., Parnell, J. A. Spillan, J. E. (2010). Crisis management: Leading in the new strategy landscape. (Second Edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, [CDC]. (2014). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC 24/7 Savings Lives, Protecting People. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/ Dominican Civil Defense. (2014). Retrieved from: http://www.defensacivil.gov.do/ Dominican Red Cross (2014). Retrieved on December 24, 2014, from http://www.caribbeanredcross.org/index.php/national-societies/dominican-republic Emergency Operation Center, (COE). (2014). Retrieved from: http://www.coe.gob.do/index.php?option=com_contentview=sectionlayout=blogid=2Itemid=42 James, R. K. Gilliland, B. E. (2013). Crisis intervention strategies (7th Edition). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cenegage Learning. Kozlowski, C. (2010). Crisis Management. 110(1): 1-2. London, UK. http://www.catlin.com Pearson, C. M. Mitroff, I.I. (1993). From crisis prone to crisis prepared: A framework for crisis management. Academy Manage Perspective, 7(1): 48-59. doi: 10.5465/AME.1993.9409142058 Reyes, G. Jacobs, G. (2006). Handbook of international disaster psychology. Volume 2. Connecticut, USA: Praeger Publishers. Treurniet, W., Van Buul-Besseling, K. Wolbers, J. (2012). Collaboration awareness a necessity in crisis response coordination. Proceedings of the 9th International ISCRAM Conference. Vancouver, Canada. http://www.iscramlive.org/ISCRAM2012/proceedings/248.pdf White, G., Mazerolle, L., Porter, M. D. Chalk, P. (2014). Modelling the effectiveness of counter-terrorism interventions. Australian Institute of Criminology. Trends issues in crime and criminal justice. 475.

The Evolution of Tragedy in Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desire Under the E

The Evolution of Tragedy in Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desire Under the Elms There are many genres of literature. Because of the age of this genre, it stands to reason that many variations have occurred throughout the years to make it reflect that time period. The genre of tragedy tends to be considered great because it occurs during great periods of history, it is about great men, and it is written by great writers.> The evolution of tragedy and the characteristics of tragedy are exemplified in the comparison of Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desire Under the Elms. In the comparison of Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desire Under the Elms the characteristics of tragedy are revealed. One characteristic is that tragedy appears during great times in history. It is thought that tragedy only occurs during great times in history because the people during those times have a sense of confidence that they can handle the horror of tragedy. Oedipus Rex was written during ancient Greece, which is considered the birthplace of the western culture. Ancient Greece is a time of great enlightenment in all of the arts, so it is not surprising that this is one of the beginnings of the tragedy. During this time Greece is rising in power so the people could enjoy watching others face hard times. Hamlet was written during another great period of history, the Renaissance. During this time people are moving out of the Middle Ages into a time of enlightenment, where a rebirth of interest in the arts occurs. This time also is marked by a confidence in one having a p rosperous future and the country as a whole looking toward a good life. Finally, Desire Under the Elms appeared during what is called the Modern period. The Modern period is anot... ...e determined. All three of these plays are great tragedies even if not all of them follow the characteristics of tragedy. It further proves that each period must make their own personal mark on the ideas of the arts in order to establish themselves as a distinct and great time period. [very good pick-up of earlier point] Without the evolution of these ideas, cultures would be stifled in the creative process and not stand out as an individual expressing the feelings of their time period. Works Consulted: O'Neill, Eugene. Desire Under the Elms. In Nine Plays by Eugene O'Neill. New York: Modern Library, 1941. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet. ca. 1600-1601. Ed. Edward Hubler. A Signet Classic. New York: Penguin Publishers,1963. Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. The Oedipus Cycle. Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald, trans. San Diego: Harvest, 1976

Book Report for On My Honor Essay example -- Book Reports Marion Dane

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marion Bauer certainly followed in the tradition of great novels. On My Honor is set in the hot summer of a small city. It explores the stress we put on ourselves to express blame and feel guilt when blamed. The biggest heartache is when you blame yourself for things that could not be prevented, or were not your fault. That is what Joel did. The setting was the Vermillion. Tony called it Old Man River, which is a nickname for the Mississippi. Bauer described the river as â€Å" the reddish brown water slithering far beneath the bridge.† Bauer also described it as full of sinkholes, current, and whirlpools. It was polluted with chemicals and sewage that were invisible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main characters were Joel and Tony. They were born three weeks apart and had been neighbors and friends all th...

The Media and Environmental Awareness Essay examples -- media, Environ

Media is defined as the means of communication, such as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines, which reach or influence people widely. Over the last 50 years, media has transformed our everyday life to the point where we are aware of world events within minutes of their occurrence. Media has progressed to a point never observed before. World topics, such as the environment and global warming, have progressed in media coverage due to new technologies and public interest. Overall, there is more choice, freedom, speed and competition in all aspects of media today. Media has definitely evolved throughout our history, beginning way back to the invention of language and the sharing of information. Then there was the invention of writing, such as ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, where information could be passed from generation to generation. Other major inventions, such as the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440, revolutionized media. This has led to the easier publication of print to the masses and the faster spread of information. This spread of information transformed from books, to newspapers and articles which covered a wide range of subjects. Newer technological advances, such as the radio and telephone, led to even faster communications as word of mouth could be spread across countries and even continents. The invention of the television and satellites connected the world by delivering live footage and the spread of instantaneous news all over the world. Now, with the invention of the internet and high-tech mobile devices, information is literally available with a few key strokes or just a mouse click away. New apps, blogs, and vlogs have made the access to media fast and easy. This has evolved in... ...ources we have today are almost endless. The idea of climate change has gone from a few magazine articles, to brief mentions on television networks, to front page news, to web articles, to detailed documentaries, and blogs and websites and other social media dedicated to climate change. The impact media can have on topics such as climate change is enormous. Public awareness relies on the media. The Medias increase of coverage on this topic, especially due to new technologies such as the internet, can have a profound impact. Already throughout history we have observed a country come together for one cause (Earth Day) and new laws and agencies created due to public environmental awareness. The progression of media has made access to information easier and faster than ever. Information is powerful and with its spread due to mass media, it can impact the whole world.

Trail of Tears and the Five Civilized Tribes

During the early years of 1800s, valuable gold deposits were discovered in tribal lands, which by previous cessions had been reduced to about seven million acres in northwest Georgia, eastern Tennessee, and southwest North Carolina. In 1819, Georgia appealed to the U. S. government to remove the Cherokee from Georgia lands. When the appeal failed, attempts were made to purchase the territory. Meanwhile, in 1820 the Cherokee established a governmental system modeled on that of the United States, with an elected principal chief, a senate, and a house of representatives. Because of this system, the Cherokee were included as one of the so-called Five Civilized Tribes. The other four tribes were the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and the Seminoles. In 1832, in spite of the fact the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Georgia legislation was unconstitutional, federal authorities, following Jackson†s policy of Native American removal, ignored the decision. About five hundred leading Cherokee agreed in 1835 to cede the tribal territory in exchange for $5,700,000 and land in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). Their action was repudiated by more than nine-tenths of the tribe, and several members of the group were later assassinated. In 1838 federal troops began forcible evicting the Cherokee. Approximately one thousand escaped to the North Carolina Mountains, purchased land, and incorporated in that state; they were the ancestors of the present-day Eastern Band. Most of the tribe, including the Western Band, was driven west about eight hundred miles in a forced march, known as the Trail of Tears. The march west included 18,000 to 20,000 people, of whom about 4000 perished through hunger, disease, and exposure. The Cherokee are of the Iroquoian linguistic family. Their economy, like that of the other southeastern tribes, was based on intensive agriculture, mainly of corn, beans, and squash. Deer, bear, and elk were hunted. The tribe was divided into seven matrilineal clans that were dispersed in war and peace moieties (half-tribes). The people lived in numerous permanent villages, some of which belonged to the war moiety, the rest to the peace moiety. In the early 19th century, the Cherokee demonstrated unusual adaptability to Western institutions, both in their governmental changes and in their adoption of Western method of animal harvesting and farming. Public schools were established and in the 1820s, a tribal member invented an 85-character syllable script for the Cherokee language. Widespread literacy followed almost immediately. In 1828 the first Native American newspaper, the Cherokee Phoenix, began publication. Today in Oklahoma, much of the culture has remained the same. Their traditional crafts are most strongly preserved by the Eastern Band where their basketry is considered to be equal to or better than that of earlier times. In Oklahoma the Cherokee live both on and off the reservation, scattered in urban centers and in isolated rural regions. Their occupations range form fishing to industrial labor to business management. In North Carolina, farming, forestry, factory work, and tourism are sources of income. As of 1990 there were 308,132 Cherokee descendants in the United States. Another member of the five tribes is the Seminoles, a Native American tribe of the Muskogean language family. Most now live in Oklahoma and southern Florida. The Seminole tribe developed in the 18th century from members of the Creed Confederacy, mostly Creeks and Hitchiti, who raided and eventually settled in Florida. After the United States acquired Florida in 1819, the territorial governor, Andrew Jackson, initiated a vigorous policy of tribal removal to open the land for white settlers. After the capture of their leader Osceola in 1837 and the end of the Second Seminole War in 1842, several thousand Seminole were forcibly moved west to Indian Territory. At the end of the Third Seminole War in 1858, about 250 more were sent west. The rest were allowed to remain, and their descendants signed a peace treaty with the United States in 1935. In 1964 the Miccosukee signed a 50-year agreement with national Park Service that allows the Miccosukee access to more than 300 acres of the Everglades. The Florida Seminole have five reservations. They farm, hunt, fish, and some run tourist-related businesses. Many still live in thatch-roofed, open-sided houses on stilts and wear patchwork and applique clothing. The Seminole in Oklahoma were given a smaller reservation after the American Civil War. In the late 19th century they yielded to pressure to divide their tribal land into individual allotments and cede the surplus to the United States; this land was opened to settlers in 1889. In 1990 Seminole descendants numbered 13, 797. Many were Baptists, but both the Florida and Oklahoma groups retained traditional Muskogean observances. The three remaining tribes, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and the Creek, are all close in relationship. All tribes are of the Muskogean linguistic family and all occupied an area that now includes Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Kentucky. The Chickasaw lived in dwellings constructed alongside streams and rivers rather than in villages. They obtained food by hunting, fishing, and farming. The Creek were an agricultural tribe, living in villages consisting of log houses. Creek women cultivated corn, squash, beans, and other crops, and the men hunted and fished. The Choctaw were less warlike that their traditional enemies, the Chickasaw and the Creek. They lived in mud and bark cabins with thatched roofs. They were also agricultural people, probably the most able farmers of the southeastern region. They also raised cattle, fished, and hunted. In 1990 the Chickasaw and their descendants numbered 20,631, the Creek heritage numbered 43,550, and a large number of Choctaw and their descendants live principally in Oklahoma and also in Mississippi and Louisiana. During the 18th and 19th centuries the Choctaw were forced to move farther and farther west to avoid conflict with European settlers. By 1842 they had ceded most of their land to the United States and were relocated in Indian Territory, land set aside for them in present-day Oklahoma. Here the Choctaw became, along with Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, and Seminole, part of a group of Native Americans known as the Five Civilized Tribes, so called because they had organized governments the establishment of public schools and newspapers.

Strategic Planning and Implementation

strategicalal PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION INTRODUCTION For the excogitation of this paper I build selected M/s. orchard apple tree Inc as an giving medication. M/s. orchard apple tree Inc atomic number 18 considered to be champion of the close competitive goernment activitys in the globe who do work in a truly stiff surroundings of technology and learning processing systems, where the developments ar so rapid and fast(a) that the management atomic number 18 expected to revisit their strategies and execution plans on a continuous pedestal to incumbrance competitive and chief(prenominal)tain that technological bounce in the commercialize hindquarters. The world of electronic computers and electronic gadgets is so fast paced that crudeer technologies argon planted in a fast pace.The top level management is expected to undertake unalterable feedback from the food securities industry and in either(prenominal) courting s earth-closet the environment fo r the assumes and plan their strategies accordingly. Hence, I ache selected M/s. apple Inc for carrying out the c at one cartridge clipive on strategic grooming and implementation. The field of battle would focus mainly on the scheme adopted by M/s. apple for the base of their much famed computer model macintosh in the family 1984. The contrastive(a) major(ip) reason for selecting this memorial tablet in specific is that this institution has go about multiple threats to its survival and faced numerous competitions but the organisation survived and grew in adversity.This shows the proviso and resources implemented by the management team to grow this organisation and their strategic patch up discount be seen from the in a higher belongings. All this elaborate that this would be the perfect organisation to take aim the scope and the depth of strategic cookery and the intricate implementation plans undertaken by this organisation for achieving this extraordinar y turnaround and improving the bureau of the stakeholders and a alike(p) the guests with their innovative overlaps.The society got compound on 03rd Jan 1977 in the state of atomic number 20 in joined States of America. 1 Major Stakeholders The major stakeholders in the comp all argon listed below 1. Steve Jobs, forefront Executive incumbent 2. herds grass D Cook, Chief Operating military transfericer 3. dig Oppenheimer, Chief Financial Officer 4. Philip W Schiller, elderberry bush wrong-doing chairwoman 5. stigmatise Papermaster, precedential wickedness prexy 6. Jonathan Ive, sr. Vice chairman 7. Bertrand Serlet, Senior Vice President 8. Ron Johnson, Senior Vice PresidentSteve Jobs The charismatic CEO of apple Inc, was born on 24-Feb-1955, he is alike the co-founder of apple Inc, who was one of the founding members of apple Inc, is one of the major stakeholders in the organisation. 2 herds grass D Cook Cook is the Chief Operating Officer he is one of the important stakeholders from the view distributor point of management as he geniuss completely the operations and gross gross revenue of apple Inc. He is in addition the head of apples Macintosh division. 3 hammer Oppenheimer Mr. Peter Oppenheimer is the Senior Vice President and in any case the Chief Financial Officer.In this position he heads the treasury, investor relations, tax, information systems, upcountry audit and facilities functions. With such responsibilities his assume is dictatorial for undertaking any management planning or strategic initiatives. 4 Philip W Schiller Mr. Philip W Schiller is the Senior Vice President of world(a) Product courseeting. He is part of the apples Executive Team and is also responsible for the mathematical convergence marting. In this subprogram he becomes a key doer for any management and strategic initiatives. 5 Mark Papermaster Mr. Mark Papermaster is a infer a nonher Senior Vice President who handles the key portfolio of impudently-fashioned return development in this case he plays a key reference on the marketing dodging with his blue-chip inputs. 6 Jonathan Ive Mr. Jonathan Ive in his role as the Senior Vice President of Industrial aim plays a key role in the marketing of raw technologies with his innovative externalises. As such near of the apples harvest-feasts material bodys argon considered to be of remarkable art pieces. 7Bertrand Serlet Mr. Bertrand Serlet is the Senior Vice President of Softw argon Engineering in his role as the developer of software for all the systems readyed by orchard apple tree Inc. He is regarded as a major stakeholder in the management. 8 Ron Johnson Mr. Ron Johnson as the Senior Vice President of sell has a major stake in any marketing dodging plans that are being positive and planned for implementation. His inputs and consent are important for implementing any strategic decisions in the organisation. 9All the above mentioned heap are the major de cision makers in the organisation and they form the first rake of stakeholders for implementing the schema and providing guidance to the organisation. Hence, it would be irresponsible that they be considered as major stakeholders from the point of system and implementation of marketing philosophies. The above mentioned people collectively or at times individually take decisions on the kind and type of strategy to be implemented to ensure maximisation of mesh to the stakeholders of the organisation who are the everyday shareholders and other firms.Hence, the agreement for any decision and implementation would be postulate from this peer convocation forward going in front with any management decision on strategy. We result review a scenario of the how the management of apple Computers effectively implemented the plant strategy and placement of IPOD in front of the customer which is considered to fill the gap in the market between the mesh topology-books and multimedia ph ones. In this keep an eye on the strategy adopted by the hypothesise tank of the management is commendable we ordain instanter permit a coup doeil of the introduction strategy adopted by M/s. apple Inc. worry outline Review The entire management strategy is based on the development of parvenu technologies as M/s. orchard apple tree Inc are re straight offned to be market leading in mutation. The launch of every unsanded reaping is eagerly awaited by the general earth. And M/s. Apple has capitalised on this advantage and create a sound in the market before any launch of the suppuration which helps them to introduce the bran- cutting product in the market with stripped-down amount of risk. Traditionally it can be observed that Ms/ Apple Inc launches the new products in household market (i. e. United States of America) as the customers over there are considered to be of low uncertainty scheme culture as per Hofstedes framework on assessing culture. This helps M/s. Apple to turn out their new inventions in the market as the customers are to a greater extent inclined towards buy and testing new products. Once, the markets accept this product thusly it is launched on world(prenominal) basis when the new product has already created a cult status in the home market. This kind of strategy has been followed by M/s. Apple in most of their launches and has proved to be quite achieverful.From the above it can be seen that M/s. Apple Inc has forever strived on creating world class products with classy design and the homogeneous are launched in low uncertainty avoidance cultures where the general acceptance levels are high and once they are made in those markets they then are replicated in other markets. Which in turn ensures the success of the product launch on a global scale, now we will understand the situation of the launch of the Ipod, which everyone were sceptical at the time of the launch of this product. Marketing Strategy M/s.Apple In c created a new product which was sibyllic revolutionary in design and the characteristics were very innovative at that time. M/s. Apple Inc packaged the IPOD with such an enviable design that the competitors were left lurching. At that time the market was seen heavily bent upon to cut cost and make the mp3 player faster and better. Apple came up with this ultra modern design and had positioned the product in the line of clothes designer segment and there by created a contrary marketing strategy completely for this product and created new sorts of interacting with the media with the launch of this device.The IPOD was conveniently programmed to function well and fast the Macintosh systems that ensured that the sale of Macintosh also would be taken care off when the IPOD is launched in the market. This kind of strategy ensured the success of M/s. Apple Inc as an organisation all together. The market was studied for germane(predicate) trends in the melody industry and get hold of tie-ups with the music bands and market players involved in music industry would be essential to ensure accessibility of the music through with(predicate) the iTunes software which was to be installed in the computer for synchronising with the iPod.Apart from that as most of the computers are running on windows direct system a matched reading material of iTunes which would work in windows environment would need to be developed to ensure that the product reaches the target customers and can be marketed to all the segments of the customers irrespective of the computers that the customers are employ. However, the contrastingiating factor of iTunes compatible with windows was that the upload and synchronising was not so robust as with any other Apple Macintosh product.This would create a demand for other related products from the Macintosh stable. The other part of the launch strategy was that the product alone would not result unless proper support is derived from all addr essable channels. These include likes of music companies, internet groups, bundled packages, customised playlists, and it also created a cult status for the product by maintaining the exterior of the product systematically which can be seen in unalike products which attained a similar spirit like the Beetle (Volkswagen) and Mini (Cooper) etc. As we have seen the strategy let us now go ahead and understand the organisations strain objectives, culture, ethics and how they are related to this crabby scenario. Apples Business Objectives, Culture, ethical motive The objectives and the measurements adopted by the company are as follows. The companys main objective is well elucidated in its accusation and vision statements itself which imbibe that the company would like to be the leading innovator of the century. accordingly in-line with this objective the company has embarked on a challenging sphere where in it has developed newer and customer friendly brands and launched them in t he market place at regular intervals. Which has dictated Apple Inc in a different sphere altogether. The culture in the organisation is open ended and encourages lot of psychiatric hospital that was one of the reason why the company is at the edge of technological advances and innovates a lot of new products which are launched on regular basis in the global market place.A brief verbal description of the ethics would build a cosmopolitan look of the organisation and also deliver the goods appropriate guidance in this regard. Hence, I would like to explain the ethics followed by M/s. Apple Inc, like define and implementing a program on greener environment and also providing an option for the general public to air their innovations and suggestions the company can be seen is very keen and receptive to ideas and innovations which in turn helps the organisation tap the potential and grow their occupancyes. Vision, Mission, Objectives and MeasuresThe missionary station statement of M/s. Apple Inc as per their website is Apple enkindled the in-person computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 1980s with the Macintosh. Today, Apple continues to lead the industry in innovation with its award-winning computers, OS X operational system and iLife and professional applications. Apple is also spearheading the digital media revolution with its iPod portable music and video players and iTunes online store, and has entered the mobile phone market with its revolutionary iPhoneThe vision of the M/s. Apple Inc is Man is the creator of change in this world. As such he should be above systems and structures, and not subordinate to them. As can be seen from the above that M/s. Apple Inc is deeply involved in the creation of world class products and position them in the global market place and also create a free burning culture based on emancipation rather than dependence on the systems, which would change the humans to be more renascent and independent and have command over the systems they deploy in their homes / organisations.As we have understood the organisations vision, mission and objectives now we will move fore and discuss the strategy deployed by M/s. Apple for the launch of IPOD which would create an savvy and how it could have been differentiated. Launch Timelines The original IPOD was launched way back in 23rd October 200111, up to now it can be seen that the growth of the iPod gross gross sales did not hit the expected poem at the beginning as the market was not causative to this kind of product. It would have been perfect if the launch was positioned when the elated infrastructure like availability of broadband interlocking and other items are in place. It can be seen that the sales of iPod started to gain impetus altogether after M/s. Apple Inc ensured the compatibility of its iTunes software with the windows operating system and also the availability of the broadband networks that the product took on and the sales improved dramatically. Hence, it is inevitable that the markets are understood and a suitable and conducive environment created before launch of a new and advanced product in the global market place. Dissemination affectAt the launch of the iPod the market was not fork outd with the right information and the features were not in stock(predicate) for everyone to understand and then use the same. Hence, in the beginning years of the iPod it was not successful as it is now. This can again be attributed to the lack of clear and systematic information flow from the organisation. This can be outdo avoided by ensuring that the process and infrastructure are available and compatible for the usage of the product before launching any product to ensure that the product sustains its expected sales targets.Apple failed to create to environment before the launch. It took such a yearn time for the iPod sales to reach astronomical levels which it has now reached. At any launch of new product it is to be ensured that suitable and realistic information on the product are widely available and the same is marketed using different channels of marketing to gain the marketing advantage. This kind of strategy was deployed by M/s. Apple in the afterwards part of the iPod life cycle which ensured that the product sustained the S curve and continue its growth momentum.It can also be seen that M/s. Apple Inc then embarked on a detailed mission of pooling in different vendors and suppliers for developing relevant heart for the product which ensured that new and updated information is flowing from different channels and new ideas were utilise to build and sustain the product. And the information and the subject field were gathered from different cultures and different geographical locations thereby ensuring market penetration to different markets. Monitoring and Evaluation StrategyThe supervise and military rank strategy deploye d by M/s. Apple Inc was a constant business intelligence thereby they understood the flaws in their initial strategy which ensured that the iPod was compatible with only Macintosh machines. As the same was converse by ensuring its compatibility and other similar disposition of tweaks in the strategy are to be undertaken and ensured that the feedback received from the market place is forever analysed to ensure that the product is sustained with new and improved versions of the product.As can be seen from the developments undertaken by the organisation to ensure that the product stays in the limelight by opening different channels of sales and distribution and also opening of different channels of supply chain, in this case the supply chain would be the availability of music online in the iTunes store for which constant tie-ups with different bands and music companies would be required to ensure that the product is usable and the same can be purchased by the customers online without any hassle.By this way more and more customers can be retained and new customers attracted which would ensure the sustainability of the product in the long run. Apart from that the technology would need to be relooked on constant terms and a eye on the market place and competitors development would ensure that the product is successful. With regards to the evaluation strategy, the best way to understand whether the strategy deployed is successful or not in this regard would be to see the growth in sales and the amount of sales at the iTunes store which would definitely provide the right information whether the strategy deployed is successful.References 1. Apple Investor Relations Investor FAQ, FAQ, lendable at http//phx. corporate-ir. net/phoenix. zhypertext markup language? c=107357&p=irol-faq Accessed on 11-02-2010 2. Telegraph, Steve Jobs, Apples iGod Profile Available at http//www. telegraph. co. uk/technology/apple/4242660/Steve-Jobs-Apples-iGod-Profile. hypertext markup lang uage Accessed on 15-01-2010 3. Apple plead Information, Timothy D Cook, Available at http//www. apple. com/pr/bios/cook. hypertext mark-up language Accessed on 11-02-2010 4. Apple Press Information, Peter Oppenheimer, Available at http//www. apple. om/pr/bios/oppenheimer. hypertext mark-up language Accessed on 11-02-2010 5. Apple Press Information, Philip W Schiller, Available at http//www. apple. com/pr/bios/schiller. html Accessed on 11-02-2010 6. Apple Press Information, Mark Papermaster, Available at http//www. apple. com/pr/bios/papermaster. html Accessed on 11-02-2010 7. Apple Press Information, Jonathan Ive, Available at http//www. apple. com/pr/bios/ive. html Accessed on 11-02-2010 8. Apple Press Information, Bertrand Serlet, Available at http//www. apple. com/pr/bios/serlet. html Accessed on 11-02-2010 9. Apple Press Information, Ron Johnson, Available at http//www. apple. com/pr/bios/ronjohnson. html Accessed on 11-02-2010 10. The Poverty of precaution Control Philosop hy Geert Hofstede The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 3, No. 3 (Jul. , 1978), pp. 450-461 (article consists of 12 pages) produce byAcademy of Management permanent URL http//www. jstor. org/stable/257536 11. Apple Press Information, Apple presents iPod Available at http//www. apple. com/pr/library/2001/oct/23ipod. html Accessed on 15-02-2010