Article Summaries Essay examples

Article Summaries Essay examples Article Summaries Essay examples Research Summary Paper PP7050: Physiological Psychology Argosy University, Orange County 23 October 2013 Article Summary: â€Å"Neuroimaging in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Current and Future Predictors of Functional Outcome†(Suskauer & Huisman, 2009) A review by Suskaur and Huisman (2009) discusses new brain imaging techniques (i.e., diffusion weighted (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), and H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS)) and presents current research on their abilities to identify functional outcomes following TBI in the pediatric population due to their sensitivity in detecting microstructural brain injuries such as diffuse axonal injury (DAI). This review also discusses traditional anatomical imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as their insensitivity in detecting microstructural brain injuries. The authors suggest that the ability to more accurately identify the degree of brain injury early on may assist in determining patients’ sequelae of injury, individualizing treatment, implementing early intervention to limit further brain injury, and increasing efficiency of rehab for patients. Current research studies related to this review are referenced. For example, according to Lee and Newberg (2005), brain imaging following TBI is often essential to identifying patients’ sequelae of injury and prompting necessary interventions (i.e., surgery). This supports the clinical relevance of this review. Furthermore, according to Bauer and Fritz (2004), many age-related differences between the brain of a child and that of an adult exist that impact injury and rehabilitation. Therefore, the authors of this review solely focus on the pediatric population for the sake of continuity of findings. The method employed in this review was a review of current literature. Specifically, details of brain imaging methods are explicated. For example, according to the authors, CT is quick, easy, and accessible and provides information on the acute setting of TBI. However it has limited ability to identify the extent of DAI, only presents more obvious injuries, and is limited by its use of ionizing radiation. MRI is more accurate in detecting DAI. MRI studies have revealed associations between anatomical locations of lesions and post-TBI global functioning. For example, studies have demonstrated that deeper, more centrally located brain lesions are associated with worse outcomes (Grados et al., 2001). Anatomical MRI studies have also demonstrated relationships between post-traumatic ADHD, personality change, anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders. However, there is no significant consensus in this literature. DWI is a new, noninvasive functional MRI technique that shows differentiation between the diffusion of protons in the brain and, therefore, differentiation between cytotoxic and vasogenic edemas, which are associated with DAI. Studies reveal that vasogenic may be reversible, while cytotoxic usually is not. Overall, DWI provides a greater degree of abnormality and better predicts outcomes compared to other techniques. DTI takes it a step further and measures the direction and proportion of diffusion. DTI results have been found to demonstrate relationships with injury severity and functional outcome. Additionally, DTI shows promise for future research investigating underlying mechanisms of recovery and pediatric brain development. SWI measures extracellular and extravascular blood products in the brain. It is very sensitive in detecting quantity and volume of lesions, which are associated with global (i.e., coma) and neurocognitive outcomes (i.e., IQ). H-MRS assesses for injury by analyzing the presence of neurometabolites. Disturbance in these has been found to be predictive of specific outcomes (i.e., good/bad, cognitive, and behavioral). In sum, future research

Second-Person Point of View Literary Definition

Second-Person Point of View Literary Definition The second-person point of view uses the imperative mood and the pronouns you, your, and yours to address readers or listeners directly. Though the second-person point of view only rarely serves as a narrative voice in fiction, it does appear in letters, speeches, and other forms of nonfiction, including many types of business writing and technical writing. Examples of Second-Person Point of View You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself any direction you choose. You’re on your own. And you know what you know. And YOU are the guy who’ll decide where to go. (Dr. Seuss, Oh, the Places You’ll Go! Random House, 1990)When you yourself put words on paper, remember that the most damning revelation you can make about yourself is that you do not know what is interesting and what is not. Don’t you yourself like or dislike writers mainly for what they choose to show you or make you think about? Did you ever admire an empty-headed writer for his or her mastery of the language? No. So your own winning literary style must begin with interesting ideas in your head. Find a subject you care about and which you in your heart feel others should care about. (Kurt Vonnegut, How to Write With Style, 1982)Consider what you could do with a chip in your ​head that linked directly to the Internet: Within milliseconds, you could retrieve just about any piece of information. And with the collective knowledge of the Web at your disposal, you could quickly fill in your brain’s normal memory gaps- no one would ever guess you slept through that economics seminar. (Maria Konnikova, Brain Hacking. The Atlantic, June 2015)Â   You, as an online consumer, are on your own. You cannot trust the Web’s gatekeepers to protect you from suspicious operators, nor can you rely on an undermanned Federal Trade Commission to keep the Internet’s millions of businesses in line. At least for now, every time you give your credit-card number to an unfamiliar online company, you will have to make a leap of faith. (Taylor Clark, The Dark Lord of the Internet. The Atlantic, January/February 2014)You are a sculptor. You climb a great ladder; you pour grease all over a growing longleaf pine. Next, you build a hollow cylinder like a cofferdam around the entire pine, and grease its inside walls. You climb your ladder and spend the next week pouring wet plaster into the cofferdam, over and inside the pine. You wait; the plaster hardens. Now open the walls of the dam, split the plaster, saw down the tree, remove it, discard, and your intricate sculpture is ready: this is the shape of part of the air. (Annie Dillard, Pi lgrim at Tinker Creek. Harper, 1974) The Conversational You The second-person pronoun (you) lets the author hook the reader as if in conversation. Call it cozy. Call it confiding. You is a favorite of the Plain English folks, who view it as an antidote to the stiff impersonality of legalese and urge bureaucrats to write as if speaking to the public. (Constance Hale, Sin and Syntax: How to Craft Wickedly Effective Prose. Random House, 2001) Overworking You Careful not to let the you character sound like an outtake from a Humphrey Bogart movie. The second person tone can easily slip into hard-boiled detective mode: You approach the door. You knock. You turn the knob. You hold your breath. Vary your sentence constructions to avoid this pitfall. (Monica Wood, Description. Writers Digest, 1995) Second-Person Point of View in Ads Here are some [ads] from the . . . New York Times: (1) Youll never read a book with greater interest. Earn 5% on your savings with our Golden Passbook Account.(2) Amsterdam is a whole lot more than charming canals and historic houses. There, by the beautiful zee, you can watch diamonds being cut, and do some cutting up of your own in some of Europes sassiest cabarets.(3) Break out the frosty bottle, boys, and keep your collins dry!(4) Do you know which collar style suits you best? For example, do you need a lower collar? a higher collar? a quarter size collar? Perhaps you want a tapered waistline, or even, an in-between sleeve length. Throughout all advertising, whether jocular or not, there is an effort to buttonhole the reader by uses of language that promote a close relation with the speaker. The most obvious device in this direction is simple enough: the second-person pronoun. Note in all our examples the repetition of you, your, as well as the direct appeal of the imperative voice (break out, keep). In example 4 above, the stress on your particular needs may be intended as especially flattering. In addition, observe those familiar devices of language that once again create the persona as an easy-going talker-fellow rather than as a writer-fellow. Contractions: youll never read. Colloquialisms: cutting up, sassiest. The list of short fragmented questions familiar in speech: a higher collar? a quarter size collar? (Walker Gibson, Persona: A Style Study for Readers and Writers. Random House, 1969)

Summary of three Leadership profiles Research Paper

Summary of three Leadership profiles - Research Paper Example These qualities have been presented to highlight variable leadership skills that can be obtained from experience or nurturing of the entity to satisfy service delivery. An organization or a group setting formed towards a goal completion is determinant on the leadership skill implemented. This paper defines the aspect of leadership as defined by three personalities, and the theories they applied to attribute the leadership profiles available. Goleman described leadership as a factor created by personalities with a highlighted feature to deliver organization within a group creating order and discipline. He presented six leadership presentations in identifying the forms that may be held in the position (Burchill, 2012). The personality is the most aggressive and expects prompt feedback to his/her orders from the subordinates. The style applies strict measures in task completion with tyrannical techniques applied to deliver results. The measure is best applied where there is the need to create immediate results and emergency procedure. However, is use should be temporary to get the desired results then abandoned to maintain employee satisfaction. The leader identifies himself/herself as the authority and his ideas being revolutionary to deliver results. This measure is effective when the group necessitates a stable direction to deliver the required results. The leader is more flexible and delivers results based on employee encouragement and involvement. The morale or the group is built through offering direction while he is on the supporting team. This measure builds the efforts of the members and generates a positive attitude towards task completion. However, the leader may shy from scolding negative performance for fear of low morale generation. The leader makes decisions based on his/her subordinates. A fair vote is presented to articulate results and equality accorded to the workers. Communication is the applied tool and the leader listen

The development of personnel management into human resource management Essay

The development of personnel management into human resource management - Essay Example Personnel management emerged earlier in the days when people used to work in factories. It deals with the welfare of employees in an organization, it seeks to obtain, develop, and sustain motivated and satisfied employees within an organization. Personnel management also deals with the employment, promotion, development, and compensation of employees, as well as acting as an advisor to managers in relation to personnel issues. It is also inclusive of incentive issues such as rewards to motivate employees. Hence, a personnel department mainly deals with the issues concerning employees. Personnel management is therefore involved in four functions, namely, recruitment, selection, training and development and manpower planning. Nevertheless, a personnel manager is a mediator, thus acting as a link between the top management and the employees. He is also an advisor of line managers in matters relating to employees. Therefore, personnel management can be said to be a continuing process tha t is concerned with employees and their welfare in an organization (Reddy 2004, pp 2). According to Koster (2007 pp 4), Human Resource Management emerged in 1980’s; it can be referred to as a new approach to personnel management. It is a process that assists managers in recruiting, selection, training and developing employees.According to Aswathappa (2007, pp 5), â€Å"human resource management refers to a set of programmes, functions and activities designed and carried out in order to maximize both employee as well as organizational effectiveness.† ... Secondly, they both recognize the presence of line managers and they role of managing employees in an organization. Thirdly, they both believe in developing employees so that the employees can achieve satisfaction and hence attain the organization’s goals and objectives. Fourthly, both managements believe in placing the right people for the right jobs. Lastly, the same techniques are used in both HRM and personnel management, when it comes to selection, recruiting, and training (Armstrong, 2006, pp 19). The development of Personnel Management into Human Resource Management is sign posted by a few models and approaches. In this case, some of the models that are involved in human resource management include Michigan, Harvard, and Choice Models. According to Kandula (2004, pp2), the Harvard model is also known as the soft model of human resource management. This model implies that human resource policies can be influenced by situational factors and the stakeholder’s intere st factors. The situational factors include internal and external environmental factors, which include society values, business strategies, market conditions, and technology and labor market conditions. However, the stakeholders’ interest factors include human resource short-term policies like the unions, employees, and government agencies. The Harvard model also classifies human resource management policies into themes; human resource flows, which include the selection, recruitment, placement, promotions, and termination processes; and reward systems, which include the pay and non-monetary rewards such as certificate of excellence. Others are employee influence, which bears the responsibility of each member of staff, and delegation of authority; and the work systems

Group work British Airline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Group work British Airline - Essay Example British Airways: Vision and Strategies The vision of British Airways is to emerge as the leading international premium airline throughout the globe. British airways has come up with several strategies towards the fulfilment of this long term vision. The organisation is committed to achieve the same through efficient cost base and its focus on the excellent customer service (UBS, n.d., p.2). All these would decide how quickly the airline would be able to revive from the recent economic downturn. Moreover, these significant strategies would help the organisation to establish a sustainable as well as profitable future for its business by benefiting its employees, partners, customers, shareholders and other stakeholders. In the coming years, the airline company would remain its focus on the aviation industry. The core business would remain on moving people and cargo. The airline company would offer to attract the customers from across the globe. They want the people across the globe to w ish to fly with British Airways whenever it is possible. The company has come up with few significant strategic goals which the organisation would strive to attain and wish to be. British Airways aims to be desired carrier for the long haul premium customers. The organisation has identified the long-haul premium customers, key to its profitability. The organisation tries to align its product, service and network according to customers’ requirements. Furthermore, the carrier would also keep its strong presence in cargo service and short-haul segments. All these sectors play a crucial role to support the core business of this organisation. British Airways is looking forward to its extension in other cuties. However, at the same time, the company works to gain and sustain its leading position in London. The city is seemed to be its financial centre of its business as this is one of the biggest airline industry across the globe. It is very crucial for British Airways to ensure th at Heathrow remains as a crucial global hub. As a consequence, the airline company has been influential to influence the government decisions regarding the relevant policies as well as works along with the airport owners to continue on the infrastructural development activities (British Airways, 2010). The drive for extension worked out well with the merging of British Airways and Iberia. Joining with Iberia would fetch total revenue of $ 18.5 billion placing it third across the Europe. With this consolidation, the group has given a tight competition to Air France –KLM and Germany’s Deutsche Lufthansa AG (Rothwell, 2011). British Airways would continue to satisfy the requirements of its customers and enhance the margins through the introduction of new revenue streams in the business. The group would be introducing profitable additional services to the customers which would add value and strengthen this leading brand. The new products and services would be introduced to utilize its assets and organisational capabilities to satisfy the requirements of the core customers, which would, in turn, enhance the customers’ loyalty. British Airways also communicates with the travel agents to understand the new services offered by the competitors (Perreault, 2006, p.284). Analysis of Internal Environment Financial Analysis The

Benefits And Detrimental Effects Of Internet English Language Essay

Benefits And Detrimental Effects Of Internet English Language Essay Internet is basically a network of many computers all over the world which is connected in a way and let other computers access to get information from any sources that is available. It has changed our life in educational environment and in our daily routines. The internet enables to exchange the information among the users anytime of day as well as provides convenience with regard to such activity as paying any bills. In the law, if the computer connected to the internet it means the computer can be joined to any other computer on the network. There are many districts, nationwide and also global network connects millions of people through internet including schools, universities, companies and many more. The computers communicate via a protocol called as Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (Gray, 1999). It has been a tool for students and public who are going to internet as they can find those journalism, literatures, solutions for certain problems and also to find latest news that is happening currently. Internet had been also a tool as it is convenient for students to look for information in detail without going through any reference books and if she/he has a great interest using the internet, it will smooth the progress in finding informations. For an example, Halasz (1997) said that in this modern year, the education has come up with online studies which offers flexibility, accuracy and convenience which is cost and time savings for the students. The intention of these studies is to observe the use of education and other technologies of the internet in global. It talks about the application applied, education and crisis on the educational utilized on the internet and to check on the effective of the internet using in primary, secondary and universities education systems. However there are many advantage and disadvantage of using internet in global. Benefits of internet There are so many benefits that students can get through internet. They can communicate with other users in this global such as international students. Not only that but they can increase their knowledge and experience, join in discussion forums, share ideas among the students, search for solutions and also can learn about many different kind of cultures all over the world. There are also advantages for parents and teachers while the internet gives a lot of information for the students who are looking for it. The internet provides interactive learning for students, parents and teachers who dont have an English skill to gain knowledge by learning in a proper way. Furthermore, parents also can watch their childrens education by linking libraries, school or any other resource to improve their skills. Moreover, students can change the learning styles in internet and in the classroom. There will be more individual techniques that will be gained by the students rather than attending a phys ical class. In addition, they will be more independent in their studies and they will know how to handle most of the situations although it is hard in the beginning. 2.1 Up to date digital content One of the internet benefits is up to date digital content. It shows that internet is much more important as it is growing up larger in this global and the resource availability is very much convenient to students as they can easily access to it to find the information needed. Not only that, but students are also able to access to any resources available virtually to do homework, prepare for their examination from any place with an internet connection, via digital library or can be called as digital technology as it allows students for a flexible time of teaching and learning. If the students are not able to follow the traditional way of lesson being conducted in school or any institutes for that matter, they can learn in their own pace and time whenever they can. In this new era, the traditional textbooks can become outdated and they are expensive to buy. With the use of internet, the content of textbook is refreshed and updated with a click of a button so students and also teachers can find recent updates in science, history and other curriculum subjects that is up to date. 2.2 Conducting research According to Deore (2012), it will be easier for students and educators to conduct research using the internet as it is a dominant tool to search all the materials that is useful. In past years, the students and educators need to go to library and search through books in order to get either the particular information or any solutions. It can be difficult and inefficient compared to looking for information in internet on a computer. Meanwhile, nowadays most of the colleges offer online library systems which let the student to find any information regarding the subjects using their lab computers and also allow the students and educators to access information database of many articles that they can read through online. One of the great advantages of the internet in education in these years is its function in e-learning as it is using course materials that exist partly in internet on a computer. It is learned to reduce a hard copy material which is a time waster. Even in some schools, they offer subjects that are utterly based on e-learning, assignments, and exams which are accessible online without face to face meetings that is required. By using e-learning, it consent students and educators with limited mobility, inflexible schedule to take the courses offered and study at times which is suitable for the learners. In addition e-learning also let the students and educators to learn in different rates and also subjects. The students and educators can also go through a specific course and finish it in half of the time of another learner. Most of the colleges are offering courses that are based on e-learning where the educator will be providing sufficient notes, course materials and also formative and summative exams through online such as assignments, quizzes and exams. 2.3 Huge source for students Deore (2012) also said that internet can be the biggest source for students who are trying to search and look up for more and detailed information for a project or to do homework. In addition, the use of internet will also reduce the communication barriers for disabled students whereby they might have difficulty in getting to a library in the colleges. Moreover, students can have access to information such as in encyclopedias that may be set by their family. It also let the student and educators to read the latest news of course subjects that they are studying and also global news that happening currently. For an example, if they are studying any politics matter, they can do a news search on the politics and also find out the latest event that is happening in the world at that moment which can be helpful for them to look up and apply what they are learning in this current global. In addition, it can also keep the students and educators paying attention in the subject so that the information that they receive will be up to date and they can also control the information input which will not be out of the topic. Meanwhile, the students may have concentration towards latest technology rather than using other type of traditional education. In the current world activity, the internet is very important for almost everyone. It is because the use of internet is one of the great and safest ways to help students and educator in education. It is also an advantage for tutors to look for information on subjects for giving lectures and it also allows the tutors to efficiently communicate with students through email. If in case the tutors want to spread important information regarding the assignments or tests, they can send an email to all their students to inform or give better tips or ideas on the topic being discussed. 2.4 Developing computer skills Deore(2012) also said that using an internet will develop students and educators computer skills. The main computer skill will be typing words as fast as possible and look for information needed in correct and efficient way. When the educators and students use internet, definitely they will enhance their typing skills. They will become better at typing words, essays, etc. In addition, it also helps student and educators to improve their writing skills, searching for information and their readings. When the students start typing, the errors will be shown on the computer which will eventually teaches the students on writing correct sentence structures and this will improve their writing skills. In some situations, the use of internet can help the students and educators with their thinking skills whereby they are facing with a lot of information than they possibly will ever use or need. When the students read more, they can gain a lot of information which can stimulate their brain to think deeper. They will have various ideas to discuss or argue on. It also involves them to sort out through the information found and decide what and which one is most important and relevant. The students can also have conversation with a lot of different type of students around the world who are studying the same things to exchange the information. For an example, nowadays many online courses use discussions boards, chats, and online student forums. The students need to know how to go into discussion board or forums and access notes that the lecturer uploaded. So, by knowing these basic skills, students will able to improve their computer skill and they will be able to make or create their own forums or discussion topics on the website. At the same time they can get more information from their friends from all over the world to make their points rich. Detrimental effects of the internet on students Even though there are plenty of benefits of internet on students, there are also many disadvantages of using internet. Since internet is a huge hub for information, everything can be found there and students may get exposed to all the unsuitable content in the internet that may affect the students attitude and behavior. 3.1 Exposure to inappropriate content The disadvantage of internet for students is exposure to inappropriate content. The internet has a huge content which is not appropriate for the students. Especially when they are not supervised, the students may fall upon a large range of unsuitable content. For example the students might get exposed to self harm sites, pornography, sites with bad languages, music that is not suitable which has inappropriate language and violence, and also advertisement for adult products. Accordingly, the students may not talk to their parents and family about what they see online and with long-drawn-out exposure, they may build up behaviors that replicate what they have viewed or searched in the internet. They will be very eager to share what they see with their peers and influence will be lingering all over their friend and they will tend to do inappropriate things bravely with the support from their friends. 3.2 Addiction of internet According to Young (2010), there are many activities which may encourage students to be addicted. Lets say if a person has an addictive personality, they can be easily fall in doing the same activity for a longer period of time in line to change their mood or to get emotional. More time and battle is being needed to keep the same level of mood so, the activity can become like a drug. The addictive activities is like Facebook, games, interaction in forums, finding the latest information or starts a group of friends for chatting and gossips as the net effect is a form of addiction. Additionally, if the students have a minor social adjustment, emotional or mood confusions, the internet is used as a way to solve the variance or tension by doing something out in forums, blogs and addicted in group gaming or in any other ways. This will let the students suffer from the reactions of others which can make them to be far more aggressive than others and this will also let the person for emotio nal upset. This may also lead the students to react more aggressive and she/he will be going after the person who caused problems otherwise starts negative reaction or violence. 3.3 Stalkers/predator As stated by Demerica (2009), another disadvantage of using the internet is about predators or stalkers. In this new era, there are many victims fall with predators or stalkers, most of them are students. Many cases involving students who were fascinated into a bad situation is with predators. It is easy for the stalker to act as if they are someone they are not, as the person on the other side of the chat cant see them. Before the stalker attracts the students, they find out the personal information which is easier for them to make the students fall to them. It is like giving a gun to a cold blooded murderer. By getting the information of a person, the stalkers use it for every advantage so the student must be aware of the ways whereby they can protect their personal information when the students are on the internet. Virtual social network such as facebook, stalkers easy to get information of one person through it and the stalker will copy out the victims pictures and publish it usi ng a fake facebook account and also to multiple sites. And the messages will be transmitted to the victim whereby they can be received it anytime or anywhere through email and also text messaging to the phones. 3.4 Fraud and theft As said by Goessl (2010), the internet fraud and theft is the largest complaints that had been made by students and also public. There are many types of cyber crime such as cyberspace lurk identity thieves, embezzlers, structured group of cyber criminals, malware creators, copyright criminals and counterfeit businesses system for the reason of ripping people off whereby the student nor public easily get cheated by these cyberspace crime. Unfortunately these and many other cyber crimes are continuing to rise. At the top of the list are those crimes related to some sort of fraud and theft. The Internet Crime Complaint Center logged 336,655 complaints in 2009 with a $559.7 million loss. This is a significant rise from 2008; the 2010 statistics will likely be released early spring 2011 (Goessl, 2010). In this current global, the internet has given cyber criminals with an ideal environment to lie, cheat and steal financial grow. They can easily target their victims globally which does not make an easy problem to solve as the law from corner to corner at the borders do not essentially align or agree. These situations make it easy for the criminal to create the actions in a country and then they will attack globally. Conclusion As a conclusion, internet may have detrimental effects on students but the benefits that the students can gain from the use of internet are plenty. Students cannot be halted or blocked from using the internet just for a few negative effects. They should be able to control the use of internet as they will not get addicted to it. Some privacy settings should also be set so that the students will not be able to visit unwanted websites and retrieve all the unwanted information. If the students use the internet wisely mainly for education purpose, they will definitely excel in their studies as many high-quality points or information related to studies are there. They can use all the information they get in their daily lives and that will eventually improve students critical and high thinking skills which will be very useful in their education as well as bringing up their own first-class lives.

Research in the Counseling Profession Essay

The importance of research lies in the treatment of the client. When counseling treatments are proven and backed by research, this is more effective that using some form of treatment that is new and not backed by research. One of the most prolific things that stands out to me as a student of counseling is the code by which we should all follow and the one thing that we vow never to do and that is â€Å"do no harm†. If we do not research the plan of action that we are to use with our client and to know that this treatment is the proper treatment for the problem or problems presented than the likelihood of doing more damage than good is probable. We must as counselors deliver and disseminate evidence-based treatments for the advance of our profession (Sheperis, Young & Daniels, 2010). As the world evolves the language and procedure of the counseling profession also does, therefore it is of great importance to stay on top of the newest research out there. Working in the field of law enforcement for twenty years I have been through many CISD’S. We see that the ongoing use of CISD (Critical Incident Stress Debriefing) is just one design that examination and evidence-based preparation have to find whereas they fit into the counseling profession to better help the counselor work with someone that has seen things that are sometimes unimaginable to them. This is where research keeps the counselor in the mix of things by exploring the new evidence based training and procedures that are out there that show promise this will make the counselor more effective within this population. Scholar Practitioner Model The scholar-practitioner model is often used in reference to the â€Å"Vail model after the 1973 Vail Conference on Professional Training in Psychology† (Vail, 1973). In this model it is the student that learns how to comprehend and relate academic conclusions to the training. The students are thereby trained and instructed to be and take part in research to gain better understanding of the subject material that is presented before them in the clinical setting. â€Å"A counselor is a scholar practitioner. This implies that a counselor is a highly trained profession who uses new knowledge generated through research to positively change his or her clients’ life. In light of this statement, it is important to recognize the role of research in counseling profession. Research can be described as the process through which hypotheses are tested and proved or disapproved through data collection and analysis† (Sheperis, Young & Daniels, 2010). What this entails is that it is the process in which through new knowledge passes into the counseling profession. Research gives us an avenue to explore new information in the counseling field and the new information is what makes the counselor more adaptable to the client and their needs. Research in all things can provide a firm foundation in which to back up the practices of the counselor. Conclusion No two clients are the same as no two days are similar. They are ever changing, whereas one treatment might work for one client, whereas another client of theirs presents with like issues, this one treatment may not fit the need or the new client. It is always good to learn as learning is a lifelong process. The more you know the more valuable you are to the client as a counselor.

The Influence of Early Attachments on Later Relationships

In a way, a person’s behaviors and mode of thinking towards others, either romantic or otherwise, have something to do with the emotional and psychological relationship developed during his childhood with his parents or the people who raised him. Psychologist John Bowlby said, in his Attachment Theory, that attachment is the psychological connectedness among individuals, particularly between the infant and the caregiver which is, primarily, the mother1.In his theory, Bowlby emphasizes four views: 1) very young children develop attachment to familiar caregivers who are sensitive and responsive; 2) young children explore the environment with familiar people as a secure base; 3) the attachment has continuous effect to the child’s personality development and social behaviors that will show later in his life and 4) any event that interferes with the attachment may have either a short or long-term negative impact in the life of the child.He further stresses that the child see ks the proximity or accessibility of the caregiver as a way of survival especially during troubled times. Apparently, a caregiver who is present always gives a sense of security to the child2. In her strange situation research in 1970, Psychologist Mary Ainsworth finds out that children vary in their attachment behaviors: while some toddlers can adapt and interact with anybody, other kids are either ambivalent or anxious with the presence of strangers and hesitant to explore their environment3.The psychological and emotional tie developed at early age is significant as the child may utilize this as a guiding principle or prototype for his future relationship, especially intimate love and parenting. In some cases, an attached child becomes dependent to the caregiver and may suffer anxiety upon their separation. A recent finding states that some children who experienced attachment can develop an unusual deficiency called reactive attachment disorder (RAD) which is characterized by the child’s inappropriate ways in most social interactions4.

The eNotes Blog Why Are College Students StudyingLess

Why Are College Students StudyingLess A new study, The Falling Time Cost of College: Evidence from Half a Century of Time Use Data by Philip S. Babcock and Mindy Marks has revealed the college students spend much less time studying today than they did in 1960 a drop of 13 hours per week. From the study: Using multiple datasets from different time periods, we document declines in academic time investment by full-time college students in the United States between 1961 and 2003. Full-time students allocated 40 hours per week toward class and studying in 1961, whereas by 2003 they were investing about 27 hours per week. Declines were extremely broad-based, and are not easily accounted for by framing effects, work or major choices, or compositional changes in students or schools. We conclude that there have been substantial changes over time in the quantity or manner of human capital production on college campuses. The study does not have any conclusions as to why this may be the case. What do you think? Are time-savers like have a real impact on how much time students need to study? Or are todays students less engaged in their work?

Slavery Reparations Are Wrong Essays - Slavery, Racism, Free Essays

Slavery Reparations Are Wrong Essays - Slavery, Racism, Free Essays Slavery Reparations Are Wrong Ladies and gentlemen; I don't believe that anyone in this chamber would move to disagree with the idea that slavery was an atrocity, committed from the depths of the darkest parts of the human sole. Africans were seized from their native land, and sold into lives of servitude into a foreign land. Indeed, it was a tragedy on such a scale that cannot be measured nor quantified. And it is this very notion of unquantifiable tragedy which speaks to the matter of reparations for slavery. To be quite blunt, reparations, even if they may be deserved, are not feasible under any system or economic tangent - indeed such an undertaking would only not remedy the situation, but it would sink Africa and her people deeper into the cycle of poverty and oppression that they have so struggled to free themselves. While the arguments against reparations may seem shallow or self-serving to advocates of such a system, upon examination, the logistics of what to give, and whom to distribute it to, preclude any potential benefits of such a system of indemnity and requite. The point of the follow critique is not to say that Africans were not mistreated, nor that they are not worthy of reparations, but that perhaps reparations are not an adequate solution to this situation, and indeed will only serve to worsen. Africa is a continent in dire straits. European colonization and colonialism damaged the native structure and society - some might say that this simply proves that European man caused, and ought to pay for, the damages done to Africa and her people. However, I would argue that simply placing a 'band-aid' blanket over Africa, would serve only to mask their problems, and relieve us of our guilt. It was this same attitude that the early European missionaries took with Africa - that they are not capable of dealing with their own problems and situations. Authors suggest that reparations should take the form of capital transfers and African status in the International Monetary Fund (Mazuri, 22). Does this sound like mending the deep running wounds and damage done to Africa, or like a transfer of monetary funds in order to "fix" Africa? Indeed, this idea of presenting money to Africa in order to "apologize" for what we have done is nothing more than a quick fix solution - it is not a long-term remedy for the underlying structural damage. The very center of Africa has been changed, for better or for worse. Surface solutions, while some may claim they are "a good beginning" or perhaps just a token of our apologetic state, will only further social damage and entrench abusive African regimes. A cognate situation with African Americans is with that of Afrocentric history (Asante, 174); many suggest that perhaps we ought to provide black student with their own curriculum, such as to instill in them a sense of pride that will improve their education. The U.S. News and World Report comments: "The Afrocentric curriculum is usually presented as an attempt to develop pride in black children by giving them a racial history? But what kind of pride and self-esteem is likely to grow from false history? And how much more cynical will black children be if they discover that they have been conned once again, only this time by Afrocentrists? ? It is a sure-fire formula for separatism and endless racial animosity (Leo, 26)" This author suggests that indeed, conferring upon youths of African descent their own "different" history will not only further the racial segregation, but also provide them with a false sense of history, fueling the animosity. If the rest of the world were to suddenly step down and bestow upon Africa special privileges and grants, it would only create a sense among the global village that Africans are 'different' and require some sort of special assiezce in order to succeed. This type of compensatory system would not only be insufficient to ever repay blacks for the injustice to them, but also further the rigid separatism that plagues African Americans today - what they need is equality, not special programs catered to what guilty-feeling Europeans feel they "owe" them. Aside from

American history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

American history - Essay Example This part of the study will discuss about several successes that were achieved by the government of the United States of America under the articles of the confederation. Under this article of the confederation, the colonists of America fought against the soldiers of Great Britain with their full strength and achieved independence. The government of the United States of America succeeded to maintain a strong unity by keeping 13 different states together. In addition to this, these states stayed together for a longer period of time in order to realize the importance of unity. The Land Ordinance of the 1785 was the most effective territory expansion plan introduced by the government of the United States of America under the articles of confederation. The government of the United States of America raised huge money by selling the lands. It helped government to source and allocate required fund for several planned projects and development programs. In addition to this, this sourcing of fu nds or capital helped the government of the United States of America to repay the previous debt account (Collins 136). It helped the country to achieve significant economic growth rate. Under this article of confederation, government of the United States of America introduced several public development projects. For example, government initiated Section 16. It was the designated for the development of several public schools. Northwest Ordinance is also considered as one of the key successes of the government under the articles of confederation. The government of the country planned for the establishment of governments in different territories. It helped the government of the Unite States of America to maintain discipline and sustainability in these territories (Kellogg 58). Government of the country developed several processes for these territories to become a state. It helped the government of the country to reform and improve overall economic and social condition of these territor ies. In addition to this, government of the United States of America succeeded to expand fundamental democratic rights into the Northwest region. Aspects like Freedom of speech for common people, no slavery, trial by jury and freedom of speech for press were guaranteed by the Congress. In addition to this, government of the United States of America succeeded to prepare a constitution for the country including these territories and states which approved by the Congress. Several developed laws and regulations developed by the government of states helped to maintain peace and control the social life in the newly developed states. Failures of government under the Articles of Confederation The inherent weakness in the Articles of Confederation arises from the fact that it is called a confederacy. The sovereign power was placed in the hands of the states of the America. This fact was explicitly stated in Article II of the confederation which states that each state will retain the freedom, sovereignty, independence, jurisdiction, power and right. Such distribution of power was chosen by the Founding Fathers since Americans colonist were very wary of the national governments (Feinberg 78). They have to deal with the British Crown for many years; the American colonies did not want to make another out-of-touch national government. During this short lifespan, the Articles of Confederation became ineffective at governing the growing American states. The main cause for this

Annotated Biblography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated Biblography - Essay Example Like other groups such as slaves, servants and non propertied men, women were mainly understood to be deficient in the independent needed of republican citizens. Fiske, John; the American revolution, Boston: Houghton and Co, 1891. Print.. Regardless of the revolutionary pledge of equality and liberty for all individuals, neither was extended to female. Nevertheless, their lives were changed in other myriad manners. Several white women in the eighteenth century spent the whole days carrying out task around and within household. Household upkeep and management needed incredible amounts of backbreaking work, without the help of modern labor saving gadgets. Women use to sew and laundering clothes and spun wool and flax by hands. They milked cows, tendered, fed and butchered animals and churned milk into cheese and butter. They also brewed beer raised fowls and sold their eggs, preserved vegetables, and as well as producing households necessities, such as soap and candle and cooked for th eir families. Regarding to Fiske, women were not treated equally with men during the colonial peridd. Francis, Philip. Legal status of women. 2d ed. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, 1978. Print. This book seeks to explore the duties that were carried out by women during the colonial period. The main arduous and dangerous duty women used to carry was to bear children. During the middle of eighteenth century women use to gave birth to around five and eight children, mainly in between other pregnancies that ended up in miscarriage. Generally one in eight to anticipate losing their lives in childbearing, and several others lived via the experience only to watch their children die. The revolution politicized a number of these households’ duties. Women were initially drawn into the struggle as the consumers, with male patriots persuading them to indulge in the movement embargo British goods during the 1760s and 1770s. Consequently, custom domestic chores, evidenced, for inst ance, in the manner homespun clothing or the rejection to consume imported staples arise as a national defiance in contrast to British measures. The non-importation groups that promised to curtail the application of stimulate and luxuries domestic industries specifically appealed to rural women, indulging them into the resistance group for their first time. Hoffman, Peter, and Ronald, women in the age of American Revolution. Charlottesville; published by the university press of Virginia, 1989. Print. Revolutionary conflict confronted women directly. As male regarded as households leaders took up arms, a number o women assumed the duty of running business and firms alone. Across all the colonies, war stipulated steep inflation, leading to a growing militancy among those were no capable of feeding their families. Riots broke out in several towns, mainly directed at merchants who were considered to be hoarding food or inflating prices unfairly, and female led generally a third of these behaviors. Hoffman, Peter, and Ronald, women in the age of American Revolution. Charlottesville; published by the university press of Virginia, 1989. Print. In spite of women active participation in revolutionary era, women attained few new legal or political rights as a result. This was not for lack of argument around the problem of women’s role as citizens. Eighteenth century upheavals were motivated by the Enlightenment faith in worldwide human rationality and a pledge of