Multiple Different Sex Offender Typologies - 1363 Words

The purpose of this paper was to describe the multiple different sex offender typologies. There are four main rapist typologies: power reassurance, power assertive, anger retaliatory, and anger excitation. Child molesters fall under either a situational child molester or preferential child molester. Another sex offender is a juvenile sex offender. This paper will also identify the method of operation (M.O.) and provide a basic profile for each type of rapist. Sex Offender Typologies Numerous studies have been performed on the different sex offender typologies, especially on rapists and child molesters. Rapists are offenders who have forcible sex acts with a person against the person’s will. Child molestation has been categorized as situational and preferential. A smaller category of sex offenders is the adolescent sex offender. Rape Typologies Maston (2011) found that 200,520 rapes/sexual assaults occurred in 2008. The rapes/sexual assaults included verbal threats of rape and threats of sexual assault. Rapists are split into four main typologies: power reassurance, power assertive, anger retaliatory, and anger excitation. Power Reassurance Also known as the â€Å"gentleman† rapist, the power reassurance rapist’s sexual fantasy was to engage in sexual intercourse where the victim is sexually satisfied and hoped that the victim will invite the offender back (Berger). A power reassurance rapist is generally male. They wanted to be reassured of how good they are andShow MoreRelatedSellin and Wolfgang’s Typology of Victimization Essay example907 Words   |  4 Pagesitself, the offender and the victim. Everyday we read or hear about one crime or another from various forms of news. Often times, we get a very vague idea of what happened; in some cases we find out more as time passes and in other cases the crimes go left unspoken about. These news articles also take different approaches on what is emphasized; whether the focus is about the crime, offender or victim. Researchers have also developed methods for categorizing victims, using typology. These classificationsRead MoreTreat ment For Adult Male Sex Offenders7321 Words   |  30 PagesSocial Work Applied Research I Treatment for Adult Male Sex Offenders October 27, 2014 Dr. Chacha †¨ Abstract Introduction The reason for this study is to explain the different types of treatment for adult male sex offenders. The reason for conducting this research is the interest in getting these offenders effective treatment. Literature Review History of Sex Offender Treatment Until the mid-1980s the treatment of sex offenders was conducted primarily in civil commitment programs in aRead MoreIf An Adolescent Sex Offender ( Aso ) -at Risk For Residential Placement2459 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION If an adolescent sex offender (ASO) —at risk for residential placement receives Multisystemic Therapy (MST) for a full year, will the likelihood of him engaging in problematic sexual behavior decrease? Conceive of an 11-year-old Caucasian male with compulsive sexual behavior. He comes into unwanted, sexual contact with infantile females, expressing extreme curiosity with their bodies. He is at risk for residential placement. He wants to practice positive adolescent sexuality. For thisRead MoreExamining The Literature On Offender Profiling1597 Words   |  7 Pageswhich were based on true Australian crime, attracting high ratings from the public. Forensic psychologists conduct Offender Profiling, a forensic procedure which examines the behavioural data provided by witnesses and the crime scene to assist the investigation by predicting the possible characteristics of criminals. This article will examine the literature on Offender profiling Offender profiling developed from both a practical, clinical approach and a statistical aspect in the 1980’s, which, in theRead MoreEssay on Pedophiles and the Criminal Justice System8452 Words   |  34 Pageschild molester they see in their minds the dirty old man image. This is not the case in most abuse cases. Usually the child knows the person that is going to harm them. The offender is usually someone that the child and his or her parents trust. The key to abusing a child is to gain their trust so they won’t tell. The offender uses manipulation, and even coercion to get what they what. They will shower the child, and sometimes the parents, with gifts. When trying to protect our children we must beRead MoreEssay on Crime Typologies3922 Words   |  16 Pages| | | ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to recognize the different types of Crime Typologies such as violent crime, property crime, enterprise crime, and public order crime. It examines each crime by giving the definitive analysis of the crimes as well as the many examples that fall under the specific crimes. This paper aims to answer some of the questions most criminologists face as well as our society as a whole. Questions such as, how often are these crimes committedRead MoreSexual Behaviors And Experimentation Are A Part Of Childhood Development2465 Words   |  10 Pagessometimes rarely signal predatory inclinations (Caldwell, 2007). The vast majority of youth harmful sexual acts are manifestations of non-sexual feelings. In fact, many mental health care professionals have found that much of the behavior classified as sex offenses should not necessarily be considered predatory. Therapists point out that many sexual offenses are carried out by naà ¯ve experimenters who are overly impul sive and/or immature adolescents that sometimes engage in sexual experimentation (SmithRead MoreRape And Sexual Assaults Within The United States Essay1784 Words   |  8 Pagesassaults than males. The problem that this country faces is the lack of being able to track rapist, in addition to the victims that chose not to report their assault of being raped to the police. Issues of under reporting comes from the victims with multiple reasons that hinders them from reporting these heinous criminal acts. Thus, the sad realization is that the perpetrator is usually some one that you know, that you would of never of thought that they could and would, and do sexually assault you.Read MoreWhat Is Serial Murder?1864 Words   |  8 Pagesincident. The FBI define a serial murder as the ‘The unlawful killing of two or more victims by the same offender(s), in separate events,’ (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2008). In contrast ‘mass murder’ is the killing of numerou s people in one incident, three or more individuals at one time and in one place, whereas ‘spree murder’ involves the murder of several people in several different locations with no cooling-off period between the homicides. A ‘cooling-off’ period can vary from weeks toRead MoreSerial Killers : A Psychological Viewpoint Essay1858 Words   |  8 Pagesreview focuses on serial killers from a psychological viewpoint while trying to answer the question, â€Å"Are serial killers born to kill or are they bred to kill?† Firstly, this review will define a serial killer and the different kinds of killers, then it will take a look at different case studies of children who fantasized about mass killing and identify similarities between the cases attempt to find a way to possibly prevent their fantasies from becoming reality. The debate of nature vs. nurture is

What Can Dinosaurs Tell Us About Global Warming

From a scientific perspective, the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago and the potential extinction of humanity due to global warming within the next 100 to 200 years might seem to have little to do with one another. Certain details have yet to be settled, but the main reason the dinosaurs went kaput at the end of the Cretaceous period was the impact of a comet or meteor on the Yucatan peninsula, which raised huge amounts of dust, blotted out sunlight worldwide, and caused the slow withering of terrestrial vegetation--leading first to the demise of plant-eating hadrosaurs and titanosaurs, and then the death of the tyrannosaurs, raptors and other meat-eating dinosaurs that preyed on these unfortunate leaf-munchers. Human beings, on the other hand, find themselves facing a much less dramatic, but equally serious, predicament. Pretty much every reputable scientist on the planet believes that our relentless burning of fossil fuels has caused a spike in global carbon dioxide levels, which in turn has accelerated the pace of global warming. Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, reflects sunlight back to earth rather than allowing it to dissipate into space. Over the next few decades, we can expect to see more, more widely distributed, and more extreme weather events (droughts, monsoons, hurricanes), as well as inexorably rising sea levels. The complete extinction of the human race is unlikely, but the death and dislocation caused by severe, unchecked global warming could make World War II look like an afternoon picnic. How Global Warming Affected the Dinosaurs So what do the dinosaurs of the Mesozoic Era and modern humans have in common, climate-wise? Well, no one claims that rampant global warming killed the dinosaurs. In fact, Triceratops and Troodons that everyone loves thrived in 90- to 100-degree, lush, humid conditions that not even the worst global-warming alarmists foresee existing on earth anytime soon. Why was the climate so oppressive 100 million years ago? Once again, you can thank our friend carbon dioxide: the concentration of this gas during the late Jurassic and Cretaceous periods was about five times current levels, an ideal level for dinosaurs but not for humans. Weirdly enough, its the existence and persistence of the dinosaurs over tens of millions of years, not their extinction, that has been seized on by some in the global warming is a hoax camp. As the (admittedly wacky) reasoning goes, at a time when carbon dioxide levels were truly alarming, dinosaurs were the most successful terrestrial animals on earth--so what do human beings, who are much smarter than the average Stegosaurus, have to worry about? Theres even convincing evidence that a surge of severe global warming 10 million years after the dinosaurs went extinct--at the end of the Paleocene epoch, and probably caused by a giant methane burp rather than carbon dioxide--helped to stimulate the evolution of mammals, which up until that time were mostly small, timid, tree-dwelling creatures. The problem with this scenario is threefold: first, dinosaurs were clearly better adapted than modern humans to living in hot, humid conditions, and second, they had literally millions of years to adjust to rising global temperatures. Third, and most important, while dinosaurs as a whole survived the extreme conditions of the later Mesozoic Era, not all of them were equally successful: hundreds of individual genera went extinct during the Cretaceous period. By the same logic, you can argue that human beings will have survived global warming if some human descendants are still alive a thousand years from now--even if billions of people perished in the interim from thirst, floods, and fire. Global Warming and the Next Ice Age Global warming isnt only about higher global temperatures: theres a very real possibility that the melting of the polar ice caps will trigger a change in the warm-water circulation patterns of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, resulting in a new Ice Age across North America and Eurasia. Once again, though, some climate-change deniers look to dinosaurs for false reassurance: during the late Cretaceous period, a surprising number of theropods and hadrosaurs thrived in the north and south polar regions, which werent nearly as cold as they are today (the average temperature back then a was a moderate 50 degrees) but were still substantially cooler than the rest of the worlds continents. The problem with this type of reasoning, once again, is that dinosaurs were dinosaurs and people are people. Just because big, dumb reptiles werent particularly bothered by high carbon-dioxide levels and regional plunges in temperature doesnt mean that humans will have a comparable day at the beach. For instance, unlike dinosaurs, humans depend on agriculture--just imagine the impact of a prolonged series of droughts, wildfires and storm surges on global food production--and our technological and transportation infrastructure depends, to a surprising extent, on climatic conditions remaining roughly the same as they have been for the last 50 to 100 years. The fact is that the survival or the ability to adapt of dinosaurs offers virtually no useful lessons for a modern human society that is just beginning to wrap its collective mind around the fact of global climate change. The one lesson we can indisputably learn from the dinosaurs is that they went extinct--and that hopefully, with our bigger brains, we can learn to avoid that fate.

Ps330 Final - 3059 Words

Final Psychology Paper Kaplan University PS 330 – Personality Development Final analysis paper As the semester reaches the end my mind is enriched in psychological theories that can be applied to everyday use. Obtaining the knowledge of these theories has allowed me to analyze, critically think, and dissect the dimensions of personality. For my final work of this course I have chosen Florence Nightingale. Nightingale is such a significant person in my career field as a registered professional nurse; she of course is the unsung hero of my profession and an outstanding pioneer of her time. There aren’t as many influential nursing figures in history as there are musicians, entertainers, or even sports players. We must always peer†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"In these conditions, it was not surprising that in army hospitals, war wounds only accounted for one death in six. Diseases such as typhus, cholera, and dysentery were the main reasons why the death rate was so high amongst wounded soldiers† (Spartacus, 2011,  ¶ 10). Nightingale we nt on to establish sanitary guidelines to improve nursing quality, statistical ways of obtaining data, and most importantly environmental factors to improve patient quality. What we know of Florence Nightingale is that although she was born into a wealthy family, she had a different drive in her life towards helping other humans. Nightingale demonstrated pure altruism, but why? What constitutes for her behaviors and traits, there must be a key to unlocking the personality development of Florence Nightingale. Discussion and Evaluation with Psychological theories and approaches Through psychoanalytic theory Adler spoke of the pampered child, we have learned that Nightingale’s father was highly involved in her life and she was quite wealthy. Many during this time period would view her as spoiled, but her later developed altruistic personality does not coincide. Cloninger, Allen, amp; Schustack (2008) said â€Å"Some of Adler’s most critical remarks were directed towards parental pampering. Children who are treated with overindulgence come to expect that others will cater to their needs. They are in a word, spoiled† (p.107). Even though Nightingale lived this â€Å"spoiled†

Bullying Starts From Unwanted Behaviors Essay - 1103 Words

Bullying starts from unwanted behaviors that are mostly produced during adolescent, around middle School years. It can even be produced by parents who are bullies, thus allowing the child to produced dominating behaviors. Bullying starts with an aggressive child who feels like they are empowered to control. They begin controlling others with their words. Kids who are so afraid of the bully have a hard time standing up for themselves, especially when schools don’t have programs to help modify controlling behaviors. Sometimes, when children are not bonded it may happen continuously. They will have to learn how to stand up for themselves. Bullying can become a serious problem if the administration is not made aware of the problem. School kids of today should communicate to parents and leaders if they encounter a problem at school. Parents and leaders should offer choices to the child that will help them solve the problem. Most parents are not aware of the good communication skills necessary to build trust. Relationships are built on trust and healthy parent /child relationships. Normally, most parents don’t have the interpersonal skills. Therefore, programs are necessary to develop strong skills. Parents should seek after school programs that enhance assertiveness training which will support strong interpersonal skills. Kids that are bullied are afraid to tell someone because they feel like they will be retaliated by the bully. School systems have these tools madeShow MoreRelatedTypes of Bullying Behavior742 Words   |  3 PagesHow many of you know someone that has been a victim of bullying? or have been victims of a bully? Statistically schools students have a one in seven chance of being on the receiving end of a bullies rage (NBNBD). In the United States, there is an estimated 160,000 children miss school every day due to fear of attack or intimidation by other students (NEA), but what are the contributing factors in school violence? What and why do bullies to want to inflict pain on someone? We need to find theRead MoreAsperger Syndrome : A Neurological Disorder Associated With Autism1341 Words   |  6 Pagesvictims of bullying. Asperger syndrome:In criminal law, assault may refer to a verbal threat of violence, whereas battery refers to the actual violence. Most jurisdictions in the United States define assault as an attempt to cause, or actually causing, bodily injury. Some states expand this definition to include an attempt to menace someone by putting a person in fear of imminent injury. Assault is also defined as unwanted physical contact or unwanted sexual advances. Bullying: In generalRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying941 Words   |  4 PagesThere are different ways to describe bullying. Stopbullying.gov states the definition of bullying is â€Å"unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance.† Webster’s dictionary portrays the definition of bullying is to frighten, hurt, or threaten (a smaller or weaker person): to act like a bully toward (someone), or to cause (someone) to do something by making threats or insults or by using force. Violenceproventionworks.org mentions A personRead MoreBullying Is Not A Major Problem1450 Words   |  6 PagesBullying, by definition â€Å"is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance† (Stop Bullying). Bullying has quickly become a serious problem in schools, and it negatively impacts both the bully and the victim. Students who have been bullied even once in their lifetime have a higher risk of attempting suicide, and in general have lower self-esteem, causing them to have difficulty maintaining relationships. Bullies themselves also begin to harassRead MoreCyberbullying Is A Major Issue1205 Words   |  5 PagesIt can happen to anyone, on your phone, through social media, and once it starts it’s hard to take control and stop it. Cyberbullying has become a major issue. Cyber bullying can be very damaging. It can lead to anxiety, depression, and even suicide. Also, once things are circulated on the Internet, they may never disappear, resurfacing at later times to renew the pain of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying can take many forms such as sending mean messages or threats to a person’s email account or cellRead MoreThe Dangers Of Bullying That Teens And Kids Face811 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dangers of Bullying that Teens and Kids Face Getting kidnapped, having problems with drugs, being bullied, and teen pregnancy are just a few of the many dangers that teens and kids face every day. One of the biggest concerns today is bullying. Bullying can happen anywhere and is a problem that affects millions of kids and teens each year. Bullying is defined as an unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeatedRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Bullying1207 Words   |  5 PagesBullying In Schools Bullying is repeated physical, verbal, or social aggression by a group or person directed towards someone with less power intended to cause harm and fear. Bullying has many negative outcomes including mental health problems, substances use, shootings, and suicides. Name calling, hitting, spreading rumors, and making threats are common forms of bullying that occur in schools. Bullying creates an unsafe and unhealthy area for students. According to the article aggression, â€Å"OurRead MoreSocial Control And Criminal Deviance820 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Control and Criminal Deviance: Bullying Darryl Gennie Professor Catherine Terry SOC 100 Augusta 17 August 2015 Strayer University The most important step needed to analyze bullying is to review the existing knowledge. The literature review is a critical look at the existing research that is significant to the work you are trying prove including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodical contributions to a particular topic. Get the facts and review them thoroughlyRead MoreBullying And Suicide : A Public Health Approach1025 Words   |  5 Pagesabout bullying and the alarming effects it has on our society. Bullying is defined by the Center for Disease and Control (CDC) as â€Å"any unwanted aggressive behavior(s) by another youth or group of youths who are not siblings or current dating partners that involves an observed or perceived power imbalance and is repeated multiple times or is highly likely to be repeated.† (â€Å"Featured Topic: Bullying Research† ) There are many forms of bullying, including but not limited to physical bullying, verbalRead MoreBullying Is Becoming A Growing Problem876 Words   |  4 PagesBullying is becoming a growing problem among teens, parents, and society over all. Bullying has always been around and it is a problem many individuals fight to end every day. Bullying has become one of the leading causes of depression among teens and it is also a leading cause of suicide between young adults. Adults are to be blamed for bullying and cyberbullying amongst children and teenagers. Parents or guardians should get educated in the subject in order to educate their children. Whether

Racism And The Pursuit Of Happiness Essay - 1547 Words

Throughout the history of America, racism has been a major issue. The matter of racism has created a divide amongst many Americans and that divide continues to exist to this day. The United States has always taken pride in being recognized as the melting pot of the world. Although one downfall to having so many different cultures concentrated in one area is that there is a high probability that those cultures will clash. In return, this creates conflict and prejudices towards one another. On the other hand, when these cultures are able to coexist and come together, it creates a diverse and strong population. America is said to be the land of the free and many throughout history have looked to America as a place of refuge. The draw for many outsiders is the ability to have religious freedom and the right to the pursuit of happiness. Racism by definition, â€Å"Is the belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human racial groups determine cultural or individual ac hievement, usually involving the idea that one s own race is superior and has the right to dominate others or that a particular racial group is inferior to the others† (Dictionary.com). In some instances there are those who are not interested in allowing foreign cultures into the country and that creates a breeding ground for racism to spread. One of the first issues regarding racism, steams from when the first white Europeans came in contact with Native Americans. The colonization of European whitesShow MoreRelatedRacism Is Not Cured Of It, And The Pursuit Of Happiness1355 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Obama said, â€Å"Racism, we are not cured of it, and it is not just a matter of it is not polite to say nigger in public. Society’s don’t overnight completely erase things that happened two to three hundred years’ prior.† (â€Å"Obama’s Candid Reflection†,2016). According to Shirley Better (2008) institutional racism denotes patterns, procedures, practices, and policies that operate within social institutions to consistently penalize, disadvantage, and exploit individuals who are members of theRead MoreEssay about The Declaration Then And Now1348 Words   |  6 Pagestheory to justify their independence from Great Britain. Americans were justified in revolting against the King , the founders declared, because the King deprived them of their rights to â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness†. Thomas Jefferson substituted the phrase â€Å"pursuit of Happiness† for the word â€Å"property†, in order to give the document a more idealistic tone. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The colonists were tired of being mistreated by the British. They wanted to separate themselves completelyRead MoreThe Fifth Of August By Audre Lorde991 Words   |  4 Pagesdeclaration came their independence. With independence comes freedoms such as the pursuit of happiness, a promise of equality and so forth. Therefore, when one reads Audre Lorde’s essay â€Å"The Fourth of July†, one would think it is about freedom or how the day is represented as a historic anniversary for independence in the United States. However, Lorde describes an appalling summer in 1947 that exposed her to racism, unfair practices, and inequality in the nation’s capital, which brought about a revelationRead MoreRacism : The Criminal Justice System1040 Words   |  5 Pages Mr. Andrew Bagley PLS 213 American Federal Government-Online 25th November 2015 Racism in Our Criminal Justice System There are many different types of unlawful racism in the criminal justice system. It goes from back in the early part of our great nation’s birth to the killing of Martin Luther King Jr. to Ferguson, Missouri. The path that racism takes is from old time’s point of view. The way to clear up racism in our criminal justice system is simple and easy. Americans need to fully understandRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence : The Rights Of Life, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness854 Words   |  4 Pagesself-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.† Many groups of Americans such as African Americans, Native Americans, and women have been denied the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness – which is why the phrase â€Å"all men are created equal† is a phrase that has been used loosely, as it was often contradicted throughout history. Liberty is the powerRead MoreThe American Dream Analysis1162 Words   |  5 Pagesthat America is the land of equal opportunity where any individual can pursue happiness and prosperity through hard work and dedication. This â€Å"Dream† is found in the Declaration of Independence and is stated as such: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† This provides the foundation of the American Dream. It supports the visionRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The Declaration Of Independence1176 Words   |  5 Pagesthat they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness† (â€Å"The declaration†, n.d.). Is this statement really accounted for when our nation has fostered slavery, di scrimination, and racism against the African American race? Though the practice of slavery was terminated over a century ago, modern-day racism is still very much existent. Thus, critical action must take place economically, politically, and socially in orderRead MoreAmerica: Racist Tyrant Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesfor better civil rights for his black people. They both fought for their people, King however fought peacefully with white people, who in return were cruel. This comparing Jeffersons and Kings fought for freedom, different skin color demonstrates racism causing unfairness to this day still exists because the fight for justice and rights still exist which calls for a social contract. Every single human being has a right to life, civil rights, and freedom. This is a right that Americans base theirRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King s Speech1318 Words   |  6 PagesRacism has always been a major problem in America. However, it was known to be the most problematic in the late 1950s. On August 28 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King delivered his infamous speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† to America. His dream highlighted the injustices of segregation and discrimination of African Americans that took place in this nation every single day. Dr. King inspired thousands despite the color of their skin, to take a stance against racism, with his powerful way with words. In his speechRead MoreEssay On How Have We Fail1123 Words   |  5 Pagescarrying out general welfare and ensuring domestic tranquility. It should have been our first and foremost duty to make that vision a reality since these values are the very foundation of America. But throughout history, America has suffered from racism, injustice, exploitation of labor and gender inequality, and is still suffering from such issues to some extent. Events like the establishment of Jim Crow system, thousands of labor strikes throughout the 19th and 20th century and the long struggle

Agricultural Reform Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Reforms in Education, Meat, Agriculture and Tourism Industries in Australia. Answer: Introduction Predominantly, Agriculture is a significant industry globally. Primarily, agriculture is a food and employment industry. Further,Agriculture contributes substantially to the gross domestic product of Australia.Majorly, this article highlights the various setbacks likely to be encountered in the agricultural industry(Guest obsever,2015)Notably, the author of this piece is a guest observer focused on the challenges likely to face the agricultural industry,globally and nationally.Primarily,focus is on demand of agricultural products,economic status ,consumer choice,Technological advancements and agriculture as a risky venture. According to the Guest author Agriculture is likely to improve livelihoods of most people thus influencing future consumer choices.Further,the author highlights the technological advancements in agriculture as a future challenge.Moreover,demand of agricultural products is also a potential future challenge in the agricultural sector.Agriculture is considered an income generating activity that raises income thus the likelihood of making farmers wealthier.Australian agriculture is considered risky due to climatic and environmental concerns and the generalglobal economy. Economic Concepts and Analysis of the article. Notably,demand is a fundamental part of the economy.Primarily,aggregate demand of any product or service also depends on its demand which is fueled by the size of its consumers.Population growth influences demand in that few people require relatively lower supply as opposed to a growing population which will trigger an increase in the demand and subsequently supply chain .Thus, world population growth and Australian population growth will trigger increase in the aggregate demand of agricultural products hence the need to produce and supply more products(Guest Observer,2015) Further,Agriculture is a source of income thus a creator of employment opportunities .Simply, income implies revenue for both farmers and the government. Diversification of agricultural products will be crucial due to the possible change in tastes and preferences consumers brought about by increased income .Better living standards are likely to trigger consumers to seek quality and not just affordable produce. Furthermore, consumer choice has a lot to deal with a person s economic status. Wealthy persons choose quality and luxurious produce whereas poor persons survive on affordable produce which might not always be of good quality. Similarly , easy accessibility of information and technology of the agricultural industry will trigger better consumer choice. Moreover, validation of produce information through information and technology system are likely to influence consumer choice of produce hence a significant technological advancement In the Agricultural industry(Guest observer,2015)Innovation has made information about agricultural products easy to validate thus making it easy for consumer to choose products made of what they are looking for.Moreover,this is a measure to protect consumers from making bad choices. Significantly,technologiacal advancement s have been developed in most sectors of todays economy and agriculture is no exception.Primarily,advancement have been made in the genetics,scientific material boosting the agricultural sector.Predominately,these advancements have been propelled by research and development institutions globally and in Australia.The Australian Government has substantial investment in Agricultural research and development which has propelled innovation and productivity levels in agriculture(Williamson,Ragnaill,Douglas et.al,2015) Notably, Australia s expenditure on research and development is recorded at 2% of its gross domestic product with a figure of only 8 workers in 1000 working in research and development(The conversation,2012)Further, Australian agriculture sector isnt one of the four largest spenders of research and development hence the need for more expenditure and employees in the research and development sector.Further, agriculture as an employer helps to reduce poverty levels among the population through sale of produce and materials thus the need to maintain stable economic condition,agricultural and storage infrastructure(Godoy and Dewbie, 2010) Also ,further funding and investment should be invested into technological advancements of the agricultural sector. Easy availability of credit facilities for agri-business institutions and tax incentives have the power to encourage further technological advancements and improvements which in turn boosts the quality of agricultural produce ,provide employment opportunities and improve livelihoods of the Australian population. Recommendations Further, the government of Australia has incorporated budgetary policies with an aim of maintaining aggregate demand for agricultural produce because demand management policie influenceds government revenue status which in turn affects demand and supply trends for all products and services in any economy.Stabliser have been incorporated into the budget to help sustain favorable economic conditions thus affecting demand and supply cycles(Wiley,)Automatic and discretionary stabilisers have been implored in Australia. Notably,research and development is crucial to increase productivity,competitivenesss and profitability in all sectoral areas of agriculture thus the need for substantial investment.Investment can be both private and government oriented.Notewirthy,the Australian government has set aside $190.5m for research and development(Department of agriculture and water resources,n.d)Also ,reduction of poverty can be reduced through creation of more agri-based employment opportunities.This can be done through largescale farming,affordable agricultural inputs,proper infrastructure and standard infrastructure. Also,information and technology consumer systems providing product information is an innovative step in agriculture.However,lack of proper innovation policies have slowed down efficiency of these consumer based information systems(Green and Hamilton,2015)Thus the need for more policy formulation and implantation by the Australian government.Moreover,there s need for proper and timely allocation and incentives for investments into consumer based information system to enable healthier and quality products for consumers. Regarding technology continuous adaptation and innovation will help combat future agricultural changes(Langridge ,Cordell et.al,2014) Hence the need for more financial resources to be invested into the innovation sector.Further,expansion of innovative centers can also boost and mitigate technological changes and in the process promote productivity,efficiency and overall competitiveness in its agricultural products and services.Technology has been able to produce competitive quality produce which makes exportation markets very easy to find thus increaseing revenue for Australia s economy. Conclusion. Predominantly,proper funding or investment in agriculture opens up more possibilities for more production volumes,quality produce,proper infrastructure and proper storage facilities for agricultural produce hence the importance of proper funding.Further,continuous research and development activities have brought about efficiency ,quality and productivity in agricultural products hence boosting the marketability chances of agricultural produce to the global market.In addition,innovation centres and research and development iniatiatives have provided employment opprotunities hence improving the living standards of part of the population . However,policy formulation and implementation of innovative activities have been frustrated by improper and delayed procedures put in place by the Government of Australia.Further,inadequate funding and investments in the innovation sector of agriculture has continued to drag agricultural progress hence the need to mitigate these factors by private stake holders and the government of Australia. References Aggregate demand policies and domestic economic stability.Wiley.[Online]Available at https://www.wiley.com/legacy/Australia/PageProofs/c04AggregateDemandPoliciesAndDomestimicStability_web.pdf[Accessed 24 Apr.2017] ] Department of Agriculture and Water Resources.(n.d.)Research and Innovation.Australian Government.[Online]Available at https://www.agriculture.gov.au/ag-farm-food/innovation[Accessed 24 Apr.2017] Green,R and Howard,H.(2015)National Reform Summit:How can we ensure Australia remains an innovative nation?The conversation.[Online]Available at https://theconversation.com/national-reform-summit-how-can-we-ensure-australia-remains-an-innovative-nation-46630[Accessed 24 Apr.2017] Godoy,C.D.,Dewbre,J.(2010)Economic importance of Agriculture for poverty ReductionOecd,Food,Agriculture and Fisheries Working paper.Organisation for Economic C operation and Dvelopment.Available at https://www.oecd.org/tad/44804637.pdf[Accessed 24 Apr.2017] Langridge, P ,Cordell, D and Docchio.(2014)Agriculture in Australia :Growing more than our farming future. The Conversation.[Online]Available at https://theconversation.com/agriculture-in-australia-growing-more-than-our-farming-future-22843[Accessed 24 Apr 2017] PropertyObserver.(2015)Five future Challenges for Australian Agriculture.[Online]Property Observer.Available at https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/forward-planning/advice-and-hot-topics/45186-five-future-challenges-for-australian-agriculture.html[Accessed 24 Apr 2017] The conversation.(2012)Australian R D Measures up globally,..But what does it mean Globally? The Conversation.[Online]Available at https://theconversation.com/australian-randd-measures-up-globally-but-what-does-that-really-mean-7085[Accessed 24 Apr 2017.] Willliamson, R., Ragnaill., M and Douglas,K et.al.(2015)Technology and Australia s Future. Australian College for Learned Academics.[Online]Available at https://acola.org.au/wp/PDF/SAF05/SAF05_Report_web_17Sept.pdf[Accessed 24 Apr.2017]

Gurney cuts loose sort of Essay Example For Students

Gurney cuts loose sort of Essay Im trying to move away from the light form of the drawing-room comedy, A. R. Gurney told a New York Times interviewer in 1989, in an article focusing on the success (despite a mixed Times review) of The Cocktail Hour, his semi-autobiographical piece about a playwright who informs his parents hes used them as characters in his new satire. In the offing, the article suggested, was a new Gurney play that will focus on his generation as the parents instead of the children. Such a play finally premiered last spring but in The Fourth Wall, Gurney didnt move away from drawing-room comedy so much as he rushed at it and tore it limb from limb. The deconstruction was delicate, of course; genteel politeness is a hallmark of Gurney as both man and writer, and probably ever will be. Thats one of the things that annoy his critics: the lack of explosiveness in his work, despite the sometimes provocative situations he sets up. But though verbal and physical violence was kept to a discreet minimum an irritated expletive here, a flare-up of obscenity there, a vase tossed noisily and disrespectfully into a fireplace Gurneys assault on comedy of manners was comparatively devastating in The Fourth Wall, which was presented in Chicago in March under the auspices of Feenix Productions International. And a viewing of Gurneys most recent play, the emotionally intense and critically acclaimed Later Life which opened at Playwrights Horizons in New York City in late May, just as The Fourth Way was finishing its Chicago run suggests that in The Fourth Walls wake Gurney has begun to reach depths of feeling missing in his earlier work. While few observers have serious complaints about the craftsmanship in Gurneys major scripts such as The Dining Room, his breakthrough success of 1982, and the readers-theatre tragicomedy Love Letters many have voiced reservations about insularity, coldness and even irrelevance in Gurneys work, which may stem (it has been frequently suggested) from his preoccupation with the rarefied world in which he was raised. Born in 1930, Albert Ramsdell Gurney Jr. is the son of a Buffalo real-estate executive. Since he began writing professionally in the late 1950s and certainly since the early 1970s, when Scenes from American Life at Lincoln Center Theater Company stamped him as a writer to be reckoned with his specialty has consistently been the shaky state of the uptight WASP elite in a changing America, the erosion of antiquated yet admirable values, the loss of the civil in civilization. To which more than a few critics have responded, So what? Gurney is hardly unaware of this reaction. It both amused and bothered him to a sufficient degree that he made it an issue in The Cocktail Hour, whose playwriting protagonist John has a habit of drawing upon his affluent background for material. He said we werent worth writing about, John complains, citing one reviewers comment. There you are, his mother chimes in. You see? Nobody cares about our way of life. In The Cocktail Hour, it develops that John has been skewering his family onstage because he craves their attention off it. The plays happy ending only half-jokingly asserts that the reason people write for, and go to, the theatre is to seek reconciliation in their ruptured lives and thus that even light comedy like Gurneys carries meaning and validity when it connects with its audience. But in his far more inconclusive new works, Gurney seems to be questioning whether as an artist he is actually connecting with anyone at all. .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906 , .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906 .postImageUrl , .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906 , .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906:hover , .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906:visited , .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906:active { border:0!important; } .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906:active , .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906 .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04f4d8cbd52585c704e90a6282dfb906:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: If George Gibbs were gay Essay Insistently theatrical   The Fourth Wall is an absurdist twist on the kind of witty, well-made comedy The Cocktail Hour epitomizes. But what was vaguely theatrical in The Cocktail Hour is insistently so in The Fourth Way, whose heroine, a well-off housewife named Peggy (played by Betty Buckley), has deliberately decorated the living room of her Manhattan apartment to face a blank wall which is, of course, the fourth wall separating the stage from the audience. Her husband Roger (George Segal) a genial, recently retired businessman is confounded. He complains that the room makes him and anyone else who enters it act as if theyre in an old-fashioned play, with all its artifice and superficiality. No wonder our children wont visit us, he sighs. They hate the theatre unless we pay for it. But Peggy wonders whether in fact they are in a play. What if there were people beyond that wall? she says. And what if this audience were really democratic poor people there, as well as rich? And what if they were ethnical ly diverse? What, for example, if there were a decent number of African Americans out there? Her friend Julia (Jean De Baer), a sophisticated sexual predator with her eye on Roger, is cynical: Theyd hate this thing, Peggy. Theyd rush right off to August Wilson. But the play that Peggy has set in motion begins to take on a life of its own, as Roger, Peggy and Julia begin behaving like characters in a Philip Barry comedy. Their dialogue becomes unabashedly expository, filled with witty quips and quotes from songs. The moral and metaphysical question soon arises: Just what is this play theyre in? Call it four characters in search of a plot. Eventually Peggy does indeed break through the fourth wall to greet the audience and head off for a new, uncertain life, with Roger chasing after her. Embracing artifice   While The Fourth Wall ends with a woman rejecting theatrical artifice, Later Life begins with a woman embracing it. Im setting the stage, says the hostess of a cocktail party to the plays hero, a Boston banker named Austin (played last summer at Playwrights Horizons by Charles Kimbrough), as she brings him out onto the terrace of her apartment. (Later Life is currently running at Manhattans West-side Theatre, with Josef Sommer replacing Kimbrough.) The womans intention is to reunite Austin with Ruth (Maureen Anderman), an old flame he had gently turned down 30 years ago despite their mutual attraction, saying he didnt want to involve her in his life because of a deep-seated feeling that something terrible was destined to happen to him in later life. Something terrible did happen, it turns out: The something was nothing nothing has engaged or affected him in the successful, emotionally dead existence for which he was bred. Ruth, on the other hand, has rushed in where Austin feared to tread. Shes on her fourth husband, an abusive Las Vegas gambler who both scares and excites her. Whose life is sadder her sensation-seeking one, or his cautiously constricted one? Though he can barely admit it, Austin thinks its his and that sense of failure is the most terrible thing of all. On one level, the sparklingly witty The Fourth Wall and the darker, dryly poignant Later Life share a concern that arises frequently in Gurneys work the gulf between a cautious, eminently logical, emotionally repressed man and a vital, questing, possibly unstable but fascinating woman. But both plays also seem to address directly another gulf that between the artist and his audience. Gurney says he didnt intend Peggys quest as an allegory for his own work. I had certainly thought of the whole nature of theatre   the potential of theatre to communicate with a group of people to express psychological thoughts and political thoughts, he says. But Peggy as an image of my own frustrations? I hadnt thought of it that way. .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef , .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef .postImageUrl , .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef , .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef:hover , .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef:visited , .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef:active { border:0!important; } .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef:active , .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud4d3f70ad513cd0a6aaf2610309e94ef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Andrei Serban: educating Prosperos EssayWhat has concerned me is the inability of the theatre to reach a larger audience these days. Im not talking about the musical things like Phantom and Miss Saigon. Theyre more like the Ice Capades. But the serious plays speak to fewer and fewer and older and older people. I know my own children and most of their friends rarely go to the theatre. Gurney is stuck. Hes compelled to write for the theatre, yet he fears its an endangered form. Its artificial, its archaic, its restrictive beyond belief, says the playwright John of his medium in The Cocktail Hour. While that comedy ends with improved communication among the characters, in Gurneys new plays a terrible sense of doubt accompanies the need for human connection. In my more cynical or less ambitious moments, I feel that you may not be able to create that community in the audience. Yet the pleasures of putting on a play, of being able to work with a good director, good designers, good actors that remains terribly exciting to me. Then if the audience becomes part of that transaction, thats even more exciting.